Reliability and Validity Studies of Biometrics Ltd Sensors and Instrumentation

Heidi M. Schambra, R. Todd Ogden, Isis E. Martinez-Hern?ndez, Xuejing Lin, Y. Brenda Chang, Asif Rahman, Dylan J. Edwards, John W. Krakauer. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9:335

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors and Pinchmeter connected to the K800 are used in this study to determine upper limb functionality of subjects during TMS procedures. The aim of this study is to categorise TMS measures to the point where subjects/patients can be separated into discrete categories. Results are presented and discussed to confirm the reliability of the measures under analysis.

Cynthia S. Srikesavan, Barabara Shay, Tony Szturm. The Open Orthopaedics Journal 2015; 9: 57-67

The Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer is used to determine the Grip Strength of subjects suffering from Arthritis. The Grip Strength data is presented together with the outcomes of the new hand function test designed specifically for people with arthritis, the Grip Strength data is also applied to the final analysis showing test-retest reliability.

D Perriman J Scarvell, A Hughes, B Ashman, C Lueck, P Smith; SPINE, Volume 35, Number 14, pages E633 - E640

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer used with the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK was compared against the "gold standard" Cobb angle method in measurements of the thoracic spine. The results state that the Biometrics Ltd Goniometer "is accurate, has excellent test-retest reliability, and has concurrent validity compared with the Cobb angle. The Goniometer is therefore proposed as an ideal tool for the evaluation of interventions aimed at improving sagittal thoracic spine posture."

P Piriyaprasarth, M Morris, A Winter, A Bialocerkowski; Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008, 9:6

This study examined the inter- and intra-tester reliability of knee joint angle measurements using a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer. The clinical utility of electrogoniometry was also addressed. Data was collected using the Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and analyzed using Biometrics Ltd Analysis Software.

Todd M. Thomas, Denis J. Marcellin-Little, Simon C. Roe, B. Duncan X. Lascelles, Bess P. Brosey. American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol67, No. 12, December 2006

This study aims to confirm the differences between measuring joint angle using two Goniometer types; results undergo a final verification step with the help of radiography data. The Biometrics Ltd Goniometer represents one of the Goniometer types and is held against the specified joint of each subject (dog) in order to record the maximum flexion and extension of the joint, this is repeated using the alternate Goniometer. Results are compared within a statistical analysis and discussed.

PJ Rowe, CM Myles, SJ Hillmann, ME Hazlewood; Physiotherapy Sept 2001, vol 87, no9 :479-488

The measurement of the Biometrics Ltd flexible electrogoniometer were investigated using a series of controlled experiments including comparison to a TV motion analysis system while measuring knee movement during gait.

Movement of the knee in osteoarthritis: the use of electrogoniometry to assess function

This study 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers concluded: 'Electrogoniometry is relatively inexpensive, can be performed in a normal clinical setting with minimal inconvenience to the patient, and may prove to be a valuable objective tool for comparative evaluation of different prostheses or surgical techniques for total knee replacement.?

P Szuic, J Lewandowski, B Marecki; Medical Science Monitor 2000, 7(2): 312-315

In this study Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer was used as the accurate and reliable measurement to validate knee position measurements with a universal Goniometer.

K Rome, F Cowieson; Foot Ankle International 1996, Vol 17, No. 1, pp 28-32

This study investigated the reliability of three Goniometers, the universal, fluid, and Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers, in the measurement of ankle dorsiflexion. Intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed using 10 healthy volunteers and five observers. The results demonstrate that when using a highly standardized procedure, the flexible electrogoniometer was within an accepted criterion for reliability, suggesting good intra device reliability.

M Rawes, J Richardson, J Dias; Journal of Hand Surgery - British and European Volume 1996 21B(5): 600-603

A new electrogoniometer technique, using a Biometrics ltd electrogoniometer, is described for the measurement of wrist movements, including circumduction, with the results being displayed as figures. Clinical validation was performed and the system found to be highly accurate and reliable.

P Ball, G Johnson; Clinical Biomechanics 1993; 8: 13-19

This paper describes the use of an Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer for clinical assessment of subtalar motion and examines the important aspects of the clinical procedure.

J Goodwin, C Clark, J Deakes, D Burdon, C Lawrence; Disability and Rehabilitation 1992; Vol 14, No.1; pp 10-15

This investigation compared the reliability and interchangeable use of three currently available Goniometers - a universal Goniometer, a fluid Goniometer, and a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer. Three consecutive readings of the active range of movement of the right elbow joint were taken from each of 23 healthy female volunteers; three experienced observers each used each type of Goniometer on two occasions. Significant intertester differences were found to exist for both the universal and fluid Goniometers. However, no significant differences were found between any of the testers with respect to the electrogoniometer. It therefore appears reasonable to suggest that, with respect to reducing intertester differences, the electrogoniometer is preferable.

H Ojima, S Miyake, M Kumashiro, H Togami, S Meng, K Suzuki; Clinical Biomechanics 1991; 6: no 4; 221-229

This paper shows the reliability and validity of Biometrics Ltd biaxial electrogoniometric analysis in the quantification of wrist circumduction. The reliability tests demonstrated sufficient accuracy of the device. Also, validity of the measurement was recognized because the tests simulating wrist circumduction and cineradiography revealed that it could accurately detect the angle between the long axis of the forearm and the third metacarpal bone.

A Nicol; Clinical Rehabilitation 1989, 3: 1-9

This paper is about the development of the Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and its clinical applications: The device is very lightweight and the electrogoniometers can be worn beneath clothing, so the subject can move without inhibition. ...Tests using angular motion of the hip and knee joints...assessment of gait ...gait of amputees and patients cerebral palsy...assessing the postoperative performance of arthritic patients receiving the Souter-Strathclyde elbow prosthesis. It can be seen that electrogoniometers can provide information otherwise not available in a clinical environment.