Using Data Acquisition Products

Pring, Noah A.; Solomon, Stacy L.; Obrien, Andy; Conners, Ryan T.; and Whitehead, Paul N. (2021) "The Effect of Shin-Torso Alignment on Muscle Activity and Joint Angles of the Lower Extremity in Collegiate Ice Hockey Players," International Journal of Exercise Science: Vol. 14 : Iss. 1, Pages 552 - 562.

The purpose of this study was to measure muscle activation patterns and joint angle changes of the lower extremity in ice hockey players, during three different simulated skating positions, in order to determine the optimal position to minimize muscle fatigue and reduce injuries. Eight Biometrics Ltd DataLITE Wireless EMG sensors were used to measure the muscle activity in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and low back while DataLITE Wireless Goniometers measured the angles of the hip, knee and ankle joints.

Casabona A, Valle MS, Dominante C, Laudani L, Onesta MP, Cioni M. Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling of Different Duration on Viscoelastic and Electromyographic Properties of the Knee in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Brain Sci. 2020

Functional assessment of knee joint biomechanics were measured using Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometer as part of this study of the effects of FES cycling in spinal cord injury patients.

Osuagwu, B.A.C., Whicher, E. & Shirley, R. Active proportional electromyogram controlled functional electrical stimulation system. Sci Rep 10, 21242 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77664-0

This Study of EMG controlled FES implemented a software based solution to extract voluntary EMG from muscles under FES in patients with tetraplegia. Biometrics Ltd DataLINK EMG System with the addition od SG65 Wrist Goniometer to track the wrist movement.

Andrea Brandt, Helen Huang

Biometrics Ltd K800 Amplifier and EMG sensors connected to Vicon Motion Capture System measured symetry of gait in patients with powered knee prosthesis walking on treadmills.

Hendrik Adriaan Dewald, Platon Lukyanenko, Joris M. Lambrecht, James Robert Anderson, Dustin J. Tyler, Robert F. Kirsch, Matthew R. Williams

Biometrics Ltd K800 Amplifier with Goniometers and Torsiometers measured kinematic data of the intact arm and hand to map the movement to coresponding movement in the VR hand. This was then mirrored and the the VR image controlled by the myoelectric prosthesis.

Nestor J. Jarque-Bou, Margarita Vergara, Joaqu?n L. Sancho-Bru, Veronica Gracia-Ibanez & Alba Roda-Sales

Various Activities of Daily Living were performed and measurements from Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were synchronized with hand/finger movement data in custom written software to produce a database.

Chevutschi A

EMG of trunk muscle activation was measured underwater and compared to measurements taken on dry land. Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors were used in the study. The EMG sensors were covered with clear protective waterproof tape during immersion.

Manuel Lopez-Nicolas, Jose A. Garc?a-Vidal, Francesc Medina-Mirapeix, Joaqu?n P. Sanchez-Onteniente, Juan D. Berna Mestre, Rodrigo Mart?n-San Agust?n, Mar?a P. Escolar-Reina

Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and EMG sensors were used on a group of 36 dentists to measure trunk muscles to compare different ergonomic supports while performing simulated dental procedures.

Carlos Murillo, Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Nicola R. Heneghan, Bernard Liew, Alison Rushton, Andy Sanderson & Deborah Falla

Back movements were measured using Biometrics Ltd SG150B goniometer and synchronized with EMG from a high density EMG grid in individuals with low back pain.

Arturo Gonzalez-Mendoza, Ricardo Lopez-Gutierrez, Alberto Isaac Perez-SanPablo , Sergio Salazar-Cruz, Ivette Quinones-Uriostegui, Marie-Christine, Tien-Tuan Dao

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG data synchronized with video motion capture to develop a musculoskeletal model to control an exoskeleton.

MeredithMcQuerry

Range of motion measurements taken with Biometrics LTD DataLOG and Goniometers in this comparison between male and female firefighters assessing the fit and function of their special protective gear.

Shunta Togo, Yuta Murai, Yinlai Jiang & Hiroshi Yokoi

Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer and Pinchmeter were used to test prototype EMG electrodes developed to control a prostetic hand

FALAH HASANABDULSADAH1 , FAISAL HASAN1 , QASIM MURTAZA2 & SIDDHARTH BHARDWAJ

To compare various Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFO), Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and EMG were used to measure gait while walking and climbing stairs in a patient with drop foot.

AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Fatollahi, Nasrin Amirzadeh, Marefat Siahkouhian, Urs Granacher

Biometrics Ltd DataLITE wireless EMG used for gait measurements comparing walking on sand with walking on stable ground in subjects with pronated feet.

I-LingYeh, Naveen Elangovan, Rebecca Feczer, Sanaz Khosravani, Arash, Mahnan, Jurgen Konczak

Vibration damping technology in tennis racquets was evaluated using Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, EMG sensors and ACL300 accelerometer.

Alberto Isaac Perez Sanpablo, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug, Alicia Meneses Penaloza, Elisa Romero Avila, Juan Manuel Ibarra Zannatha, Josefina Gutierrez Martinez, Maria Elena Arellano Saldana

Comparison of muscle activation between children with and without Cerebral Palsy was measured using Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, Goniometer and EMG sensors.

Jose A. Garc?a-Vidal, Manuel Lopez-Nicolas, Ana C. Sanchez-Sobrado, Mar?a P. Escolar-Reina, Francesc Medina-Mirapeix and Roberto Bernabeu-Mora

Ergonomic supports were compared during simulated dental procedures by measuring muscle activity of the neck and shoulders with Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and EMG sensors.

Tamon Miyake, Masakatsu G. Fujie and Shigeki Sugano

Gait measurements of hip, kne and ankle movement were taken using Biometrics Ltd Goniometers and synchronized with toe clearance monitored using motion capture in order to adjust the parameters of gait training robots.

D Tarnita, A I Petcu, A T Oncescu, R C Vaduva, M C Tenovici, I L Petrovici and D N Tarnita

Movement of hip, knee, and ankle were measured using Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and Goniometers to compare the effects on the

Lauren Yaeger. UTC Scholar, Honors Theses

Finger joint ROM (range of motion) was measured is patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a Biometrics Ltd F35 Electrogoniometer in this study of adaptive utensils.

Muyor JM, Rodriguez-Ridao D, MartinFuentes I, Antequera-Vique JA (2019) Evaluation and comparison of electromyographic activity in bench press with feet on the ground and active hip flexion. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0218209

The angle of elbow flexion was continously recorded using a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer during bench press exercises.

Alison N. Agres, Marios Chrysanthou, Peter C. Raffalt. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2019; 47 (6): 1480-1487

This study incorporated a Biometrics Ltd FP4 ForcePlate built into a custom platform to frovide real-time feedback of weight bearing force during the single-legged drop landing test.

Hamidreza Mokhtarinia, Javad Ghamary, Azam Maleki-Ghahfarokhi, Morteza Asgari, Charles Philip Gabel, Mohamad Parnianpour. Health Promotion Perspectives, 2019, 9(2), 115-122

Para-spinal muscle activity was maesured using Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and EMG sensors to evaluate the effectiveness of a new design back support compared to perfoming the same tasks without the support.

Khadijeh Otadi, Mehri Ghasemi, Shohreh jalaie, Hossein Bagheri, Morteza Azizian, Saeid Emamdoost, Hadi Sarafraz, Mustaph Sepahvand. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 31:223-226, 2019

This study utilized Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, EMG sensors and MyoMeter to measure the quadreceps muscle fatigue and the effects of localized vibration compared to a control group receiving sham vibration intervention.

Antonina Aleksi, Ivan Topalovi, and Dejan B. Popovi. (2019)

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and electrogoniometers were used to measure middle finger MCP flexion/extension and thumb abduction/adduction and thumb opposition/extension in this study measuring the EMG activity while grasping various common objects.

Daniel R. Bonanno, Ketharasarma Ledchumanasarma, Karl B. Landorf, Shannon E. Munteanu, George S. Murley, Hylton B. Menz. (2019) 9:1688.

In this study comparing insoles to orthotics, a Biometrics Ltd ACL300 tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure the tibial accelerations which have been shown to be highly correlated to vertical ground reaction forces experienced during gait.

Suenny Marrocos de Lima Moura, Danilo de Macedo Moura, Alessandra Feitosa Goncalves, Maria Alessandra Sipriano da Silva, Georgia Freire Paiva Winkeler, Simone dos Santos Maciel, Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins, Heleodorio Honorato dos Santos. Man. Ther.,

In patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the electrical activity of the breathing accessory musculature was measured using Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensor to determine the effect of physiotherapeutic intervention to increase cardiopulmonary conditioning.

Nicole Kowalski, Dustin L Crouch. University of Tennessee, Knoxville

This comparison between controlling a neural-machine interface by EMG vs Goniometers (using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers) showed is was easier for the subjects to complete the goniometer-driven test than the EMG-driven test.

Istvan Balogh, Inger Arvidsson, Jonas Bjork, Gert-Ake Hansson, Kerstina Ohlsson, Staffan Skerfving and Catarina Nordander. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2019) 20:139

This long term ergonomic study, over a period of 25 years, utilized Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers to measure the postures and velocities of the right wrist.

Casey D. Garces

This ergonomic study used Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors to measure the upper extremity.

Blair Hu, Elliot Rouse, Levi Hargrove

This benchmark dataset of lower extremity measurements utilized the Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers for the joint kinematics of the knee and ankle.

Sara Pizzamiglio, Hassan Abdalla, Usman Naeem, Duncan L. Turner

This study of EEG during gait analysis utilized a Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and FS4 cntact switches to detect times of heel strikes.

Yvette Jones, Jaimie Borisof

The objective of this pilot study was to develop a method of evaluating incline manual wheelchair propulsion using optical motion capture, surface EMG and pushrim force. EMG data was collected using Biometrics DataLOG EMG system.

Alex Furse, Tony Liang, William Cleghorn and Jan Andrysek

Movement of a prostetic knee was measured by using a Biometrics Ltd SG150 goniometer.

Mansoo Ko, Matthew Cole, Rachel Vinyard

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of aging on the dynamic balance of gait initiation between healthy elderly adults anad young adults. The following parameters were extracted from the Biometrics Ltd EMG: amplitude of peak muscle contraction and rates of force generation.

Yang Xu, Dingguo Zhang, Yang Wang, Juntao Feng, Wendong Xu

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were used during rehabilitation for traing to use a myoelectric prosthesis following transhumeral amputation.

Justin A. Brantley, Trieu Phat Luu, Sho Nakagome, Fangshi Zhu & Jose L. Contreras-Vidal

This dataset includes lower extremity EMG data collected using a Biometrics Ltd DataLOG portable EMG system.

Giuseppe Marcolin, Fausto Antonio Panizzolo, Nicola Petrone, Tatiana Moro, Davide Grigoletto, Davide Piccolo, Antonio Paoli

This study used Biometrics Ltd goniometer to measure the elbow ROM (range of motion) during bicep curls exercise.

Tamon MIYAKE, Yo KOBAYASHI, Masakatsu G FUJIE, Shigeki SUGANO

This study used Biometrics Ltd SG150 and SG110 electrogoniometers to measure hip, knee, and ankle while wearing a gait assistance robot.

Kiana Kia, Jonathan Sisley, Peter W.Johnson, Jeong Ho Kim

A Biometrics Ltd SG75 goniometer was used to measure wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation in this study of various travel keyboards.

Neda Babadi, Mohammad Mohsen Roostayi, Abbas Rahimi, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Alireza Sarmadi, Hosnieh Roostaei

The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic activity of the quadriceps muscle in different positions of hip rotation (while standing on the toes) in healthy females. Baiometrics Ltd DataLOG EMG system was used to collect the data.

Andreia S. P. Sousa, Isabel Valente, Ana Pinto, Tiago Soutelo, Ma?rcia Silva

Ankle instability was assessed by comparing the injured and uninjured ankles using a Biometrics Ltd goniometer.

Patterson, C.W.

This case study of two soccer players, one of whom was recovering from ACL injury, utilized Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, EMG sensors and electrogoniometer to collect the physiological parameters during dynamic knee extension.

V. Panoutsakopoulos, and I.A. Kollias

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were used to collect data fron eight lower extremity muscle sin this study of atheletes.

Esmaeil Ebrahimi Takamjani, Marzieh Yassin, Saeed Talebian, Nader Maroufi, Javad Srrafzadeh and Amir Ahmadi

The aim of this study was to investigate the onset of shoulder and cervical muscles activity and muscles recruitment pattern in patients with an active myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius. An eight channel Biometrics Ltd EMG system was used to collect the data.

Luma Soares Lustosa, Nyck Douglas Claro Pereira, Jose Jamacy de Almeida Ferreira, Palloma Rodrigues de Andrade, Heleodorio Honorato dos Santos

Lower extremity EMG measurements were taken using a Biometrics Ltd DataLOG EMG system in this study of symemetry pre and post ACL reconstruction surgery.

T I Khan, M Kusumoto, Y Nakamura, S Ide and T Yoshimura

Angular measurements of the knee were determined using a Biometrics Ltd SG150 electrogoniometer in the study to develop a simple biomarker for clarifying the initiation of knee disorder responsible for OA (osteoarthritis).

Nestor J. Jarque-Bou, Margarita Vergara, Joaqu?n L. Sancho-Bru, Alba Roda-Sales and Veronica Gracia-Ibanez

This study was to determine the minimum number of electrodes needed to characterize the muscle activity during simulated ADL (activities of daily living) without losing any relevant information. Measures were taken in 30 spots using Biometrics Ltd EMG system.

Barnett R, Bower E, Chan A and Stirling C

A measurement system of Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, electorgoniometer and MyoMeter aws used to determine the angle and force variance between painful and nonpainful Physical Restraint using Wrist Flexion Technique.

Hitoshi Kondo

This study compared a control group of atheletes to a group with unilateral ankle dorsiflexion restrictions. Biometrics Ltd SG150 electrogoniometers and EMG sensors were used to take the measurements.

Yea-Ru Yang, Pei-Ling Mi, Shih-Fong Huang, Shiu-Ling Chiu, Yan-Ci Liu, RayYau Wang

Biometrics Ltd goniometers were used to measure the knee and ankle movements as part of the gait analysis.

Eva Sierra-Silvestrea, Francesca Boselloa, Josue Fernandez-Carnerob, Marco J.M. Hoozemansa, Michel W. Coppieters. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 37 (2018) 58-63

In thus study, Ultrasound of the femoral nerve during various controlled movements, the knee was measured using a Biometrics Ltd SG150 electrogoniometer.

Mona Kermani, Mehri Ghasemi, Abbas Rahimi, Khosro Khademi-Kalantari, Alireza Akbarzadeh-Bghban; Journal of Bodywork & Movement therapies 22 (2018)

Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors were used to measure the electrical activity in six lower extremity muscles to determine the difference in muscle use between low heeled and high heeled shoes.

M.C. Fennema, R.A. Bloomfield, B.A. Lanting, T.B. Birmingham, M.G. Teeter

This study compared Biometrics Ltd DataLITE Wireless goniometers, IMU (inertial measurement units) and video motion capture for repeatability of measuring knee flexion angles. The electro-goniometer was observed to be more repeatable than the IMUs in this experiment.

Recep A. Ozdemira, Jose L. Contreras-Vidalb, William H. Paloski

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG EMG system was used to measure the lower extremity muscle activity during dynamic posturography with elderly subjects.

Abidemi Bolu Ajiboye, Francis R. Willett, Daniel R. Young, William D. Memberg, Brian A. Murphy, Jonathan P. Miller, Benjamin L. Walter, Jennifer A. Sweet, Harry A. Hoyen, Michael W. Keith, Paul Hunter Peckham, John D. Simeral, John P. Donoghue, Leigh R. H

Wrist, elbow, and hand aperture movements were qualified using Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometers during muscle stimulation with fine wire electrodes.

Freddy Man Hin Lama, Chak-yin Tangb , Timothy Chi Yui Kwokc , Marco Yiu Chung Panga

A Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers was used to monitor knee angles of the study participants while on a vibrating platform.

Joseph Mizrahi, Navit Roth, Rahamim Seliktar

This study deals with the analysis of motion of the hand grasping a cup filled with liquid while walking. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the elbow and wrist angles.

V. Berneckea, K. Pukenasa, L. Daniuseviciutec, N. Baranauskienea, H. Paulauskasa, N. Eimantasa, M. Brazaitis

This is the first study to examine the sex-specific response to test-retest reliability in the context of the multidimensional concept of neuromuscular fatigue. A Biometrics Ltd DataLOG EMG system was used to measure the muscle activity.

M Wilson Kumar, S J Vijay, K L Vasudev, S Darius Gnanaraj

This ergonomic study utilized Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, EMG sensors and software to determine the best hight for the handle of a shopping trolley.

Daisuke MORIOKA, Ichiro KITAYAMA, Tsutomu NISHIGAKI, Masato KITANO, Takashi YAMANAKA, Yosuke IKEHARA, Hideyo KOYAMA, Takashi MORIMOTO, Hideki SONOBE, Noriyuki MIYAZAK

A Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers was used as part of a mechanical measurement system for gait analysis.

Somnath Kolgiri, Sheelratan Bansode, Dr. Rahul Hiremath

This literature review notes Biiometerics Ltd electrogoniometers as a commonly used method for measuremant of angular displacement of upper extremity postures.

Taher Afsharnezhad, Samane Faghihi, Amir Hazrati, Khadije Bahrami

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CWI (cold water immersion) on dynamic balance and anaerobic power, as well as neuromusculsr changes in karate kumite fighters after acompetition. EMG was measured using a Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and SX230 EMG sensors. A RMS (root mean square filter was applied to the data using the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK software.

Josephine King, Miriam Mattison

This study investigated the effects of two intermittent task parameters on muscle fatigue, namely cycle time and force level variation. Biometrics Ltd EMG system masured the muscle activity to determine the fatigue.

Mohamed R. Al-Mulla, Bader Al-Bader, Firouz K. Ghaaedi, Francisco Sepulveda

This study looked at various EMG electrode placements to determine the optimal configuration for measuring muscle fatigue. Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors were used to record muscle fatigue signals. Additionally a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer SG110 was used to monitor and measure the angle of arm movement and oscillations of the elbow during the experimental trials.

Catherine Trask, Brenna Bath, Stephan Milosavljevic, Aaron M. Kociolek, Bernardo Predicala, Erika Penz, Olugbenga Adebayo, Lee Whittington

This project compared conventional needles with needleless injectors in terms of cost, productivity, injury rates, biomechanical exposures, and worker preferrences. Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors were used to maesure hand/wrist muscle activity on swine workers performing injection tasks with both injection methods. Data was collected for several hours over two days.

P. L. MILEA, M. DASCALU, E. D. FRANT, A. BARBILIAN, I. C. STOICA

This paper presents the functional scheme and experimental implementation of an artificial hand with sensorial interface. Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors gathered EMG signals from the amputated stump which were then used to control/command/move each finger idependently.

Lely A. Luengas, Pedro R. Vizcaya, Giovanni S?nchez

This paper presents a methodology to obtain the Static Alignment Model for transtibial amputees and to study how much the alignment influences the static standing biomechanics. Seven Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the joint angles.

Hiroshi Goda, Tatsuo Hatta, Kishigami Hirotoshi, Tamotsu Ikeda, Satomi Yamada, Yoshihiko Shibukawa

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were used to record the suprahyoid muscle group, which is used to elevate the pharynx during swallowing.

Sho Nakagome, Trieu Phat Luu, Justin A. Brantley, Jose L. Contreras-Vidal

This is the first study to show offline continuous decoding of the EMG envelope during overgroung walking on multiple terrains. Lower extremity EMG (12 channels) was measured using multiple Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and SX230 EMG sensors.

Justin A. Brantley, Trieu Phat Luu, Sho Nakagome, Jose L. Contreras-Vidal

This study is the first to demonstrate that continous EMG can be used to predict the joint kinematics of the knee and ankle during overground locomotion. Lower extremity EMG (12 channels) was measured using multiple Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and SX230 EMG sensors.

Morgan Broennle, Derek Kivi, Carlos Zerpa; International Journal of Sports Science 2017, 7(3)

A Biometrics Ltd goniometer was attached to the movable arm of a Nautilus machine to ensure that each participant moved through a full range of motion.

Olivia Samotus, Jack Lee, Mandar Jog. 2017

Biometrics Ltd SG150 goniometers and Q150 torsiometer were used to measure captured tremor by measuring the angular amplitude in the arm joints.

Yuya Matsumoto , Masatoshi Seki, Yasutaka Nakashima, Takeshi Ando, Yo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Iijima, Masanori Nagaoka, Masakatsu G. Fujie; Robomech (Robotics and Mechatronics)Journal (2017) 4:15

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG portable EMG Data Acquisition Ssytem was used to collect muscle activity during an elbow flexion movement.

Michael N. Poppo, Emily M. McCain, Taylor J.M. Dick, Katherine R. Saul, Gregory S. Sawicki; 41st Annual Meeting of the Americal Society of Biomechanics, Boulder CO, USA 2017

A Biometrics Ltd EMG system was used to collect the data in this study of assistive walking exoskeletons.

Anett Mau-Moeller , Robert Jacksteit, Mario Jackszis, Frank Feldhege, Matthias Weippert, Wolfram Mittelmeier, Rainer Bader, Ralf Skripitz, Martin Behrens; PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176976 https://doi.org/10.137/journal.pone.0176976

Knee angles were measured using a Biometrics Ltd SG150 goniometer with a third party EMG system in this study of knee osteoarthroses patients.

Kuan-yi Li, Pei-yi Chu, Kristen A. Pickett; Behavioural Neurology Vol 2017, Article ID 2358386

Two Biometrics Ltd goniometers were used to measure arm joint angles during the experimental task in this study of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Arno M. Janssen, Moniek A. M. MunnekeJorik, NonnekesThomas van der Kraan, Alice NieuwboerIvan, ToniAnke H. SnijdersBastiaan, R. Bloem, Dick F. Stegeman; Journal of Neurology (2017) 264

Biometrics Ltd F35 Finger Electrogoniometers were placed on the MCP joints of the index fingers and used to measure peak amplitude and frequency of a finger tapping upper limb task pre and post TBS (Theta burst stimulation)in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Petra Fischer ,Alek Pogosyan, Binith Cheeran, Alexander L.Green, Tipu Z.Aziz, Jonathan Hyam, Simon Little, Thomas Foltynie, Patricia Limousin, Ludvic Zrinzo, Marwan Hariz, Michael Samuel, Keyoumars Ashkan, Peter Brown, Huiling Tan; Experiental Neurology 2

Two Biometrics Ltd G200 Dynamometers were used with a third party EMG system for bilateral grip measurements in the study of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Giovanni Cugliari, Gennaro Boccia; Journal of Human Kinetics, Vol 56/2017

Biometrics Ltd goniometers were used with a third party EMG system for data collection during various training exercises.

Reva E. Johnson, Konrad P. Kording, Levi J. Hargrove, Jonathon W. Sensinger; Plos ONE 12(3): e0170473, https://doi.org/10.1317/journal.pone.0170473

In this study, the non-amputee subjects used elbowextension to move a cursor with different control interfaces. A Biometrics Ltd goniometer was used to measure the elbow angle in the joint angle control interface.

Chow, Gary C.C. MSc; Yam, Timothy T.T. PT, MPT; Chung, Joanne W.Y. RN, PhD; Fong, Shirley S.M. PT, PhD; Medicine, February 2017, Vol 96, Issue 7

Biometrics Ltd goniometer was used to assess the subjects ability to reproduce a remembered assigned knee angle after having been placed at previously by the assessor. Three trials were performed with 30 second rest intervals.

Stephen P. Estes, Jennifer A. Iddings,Edelle C. Field-Fote; Frontiers in Neurology, February 2017, Volume 8, Article 17

Biometrics Ltd SG150 goniometer connected to a third party EMG system was used a part of the quantification of lower extremity spasticity in spinal cord injury patients pre and post 4 different non-pharmacological interventions.

Nishida K, Hagio S, Kibushi B, Moritani T, Kouzaki M. 2017

Bilateral measurement of 12 muscles were taken using 24 Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors to compare the difference in muscle activity between FFS (fore-foot strike) and RFS (rear-foot strike) runners.

Ramin Ashraf, Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi, Mansor Sayyah

EMG of the lower extremities was measured using Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors during vertical jump activities. The EMG data was analyzed using the Biometrics Ltd Analysis software.

Anthony Remaud, C?cile Thuong-Cong, Martin Bilodeau. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience January 2016, Volume 7, Article 257.

This study aims to identify the impact that age has on muscle control and fatigue. Each subject is instructed to follow the activity protocol using the modifie4d apparatus, a Biometrics Goniometer is placed on the ankle and this is connected to the DataLINK unit. Ankle Goniometer data is useful to determine each participant range of motion during exercise which will confirm their fatigue response, data is compared between older and younger subjects and discussed.

Jonathan Sinclair, Paul J. Taylor, Sarah J. Hobbs. Human Movement 2014, Volume 15 (1) 51-55

Biometrics Ltd Accelerometers are attached to the tibia of each subject prior to their completion of a set exercise programme. Accelerometer data is presented and analysed using a variety of statistical methods to determine how specific mechanisms can be identified from the data obtained. The importance of the data is discussed for future work relating to injury prevention in runners.

Kai Gui, Hiroshi Yokoi, Dingguo Zhang. Eur J Transl Myol 2016; 26 (3):235-238

Biometrics Ltd EMG and Electrogoniometer was used to measure the physiological signals and movement of the wrist during FES,

Christian B. Laursen, J?rgen F. Nielsen, Ole K. Andersen, and Erika G. Spaich. European Journal of Translational Myology, 26(3), 268-273

The outcome measure of ankle joint kinematics was measured with a Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometer in this study using FES in patients with acquired brain injury having foot drop.

Susan S. McDonald, David Levine, Jim Richards, Lauren Aguilar. PeerJ 4:e 1667

This study utilises Biometrics Ltd Goniometers to quantify the range of motion for the finger and thumb joints of subjects utilising three modified utensil handles. All subjects are provided with an experimental protocol which allows for finger and thumb range of motion to be collected in triplicate under each test condition. Results are discussed and compared to determine the relationship between handle size and range of motion. The impact of this study is also briefly discussed under future work.

Hyun Lee, Ji Heon Hong. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28: 585-588, 2016

This study aims to determine the muscle activity required during lifting and lowering tasks. Several Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are applied to the subject prior to their completion of each task. EMG data is then analysed and presented to confirm which task required most muscle activation and was therefore most likely to cause injury. A discussion highlights the importance of safety for workers who regularly lift and lower heavy goods.

Yukiko Nakamura, Masaaki Tsuruike, Todd S. Ellenbecker. Journal of Athletic Training 2016;51 (4)

Biometrics Goniometers are placed over the elbow joint of each subject and an activity schedule is followed. The Goniometer data is used to determine the motion of the entire arm, this is essential during the post-data acquisition analysis to verify specific movement phases across all test subjects. The relationship between exercise and muscle activation is confirmed and discussed.

Erin V. Vasudevan, Susan K. Patrick, Jaynie F. Yang. PLoS ONE 11(12)

This study focuses on analysing and comparing gait data amongst infant subjects and adult subjects. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are positioned over the knee and hip joints of the subjects before they are instructed to complete the gait activities. Results are presented and discussed to conclude the differences and similarities between human adult locomotion, human infant locomotion and the locomotion of a selection of quadrupedal animals.

Mehdi Delrobaei, Fariborz Rahimi, Mallory E. Jackman, S. Farokh Atashzar, Mahya Shahbazi, Rajni Patel, Mandar Jog. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2016) 13:15

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are applied to the wrist, elbow and shoulder of subjects a Torsiometer is also positioned over the wrist joint. Each subject is instructed to follow a set of instructions which include writing/drawing on a platform set to determined angles. Goniometer data along with other measured parameters is collected and analysed to better understand the upper limb movement in patients suffering from writer?s cramp.

Michelle Griffin, Ibrahim Roushdi, Liza Osagie, Sonja Cerovac, Shamim Umarji. American Association for Hand Surgery 2016

The Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer is used to measure the grip strength of the subject population. All subjects have suffered a Perilunate dislocation and this study aims to determine a valid method of assessing wrist function following surgical intervention. Grip strength results along with other measured parameters are documented for the injured and non-injured hand for comparison.

S. Gehrmann, T. Roeger, R. Kaufmann, A. Schaedle, T. L?gters, J. Windolf. The European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (2016) 42:11=14

This study highlights the benefits of using Biometrics Goniometers to assess wrist functionality and recommends their usage over traditional Goniometers. Biometrics Goniometers are positioned over the wrist joint prior to study participants following a circumduction exercise schedule. Goniometer data is collected and compared with several questionnaire outcomes before results are discussed.

Heidi M. Schambra, R. Todd Ogden, Isis E. Martinez-Hern?ndez, Xuejing Lin, Y. Brenda Chang, Asif Rahman, Dylan J. Edwards, John W. Krakauer. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9:335

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors and Pinchmeter connected to the K800 are used in this study to determine upper limb functionality of subjects during TMS procedures. The aim of this study is to categorise TMS measures to the point where subjects/patients can be separated into discrete categories. Results are presented and discussed to confirm the reliability of the measures under analysis.

Ming-I Brandon Lin, Ruei-Hong Hong, Jer-Hao Chang, Xin-Min Ke. PLoS ONE 10(12) publish Date: December 2, 2015

This study aims to discover the effects of keyboard usage and how different keyboard styles can influence these. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to quantify wrist and elbow joint angle of each subject throughout the study. Participants follow strict instructions which involve using different styles of keyboards in different seating/resting positions. Goniometer data along with other measured parameters from each test situation is compared and results are discussed.

Shirley S. M. Fong, Shamay S. M. Ng, X. Guo, Yuling Wang, Raymond C. K. Chung, Grad Stat, W. Y. Ki, Duncan J. Macfarlane. Medicine Volume 94, Number 41, October 2015

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors and an Accelerometer are used in this study to determine Muscle Reflex Contraction Latency. Study participants included developing children and children suffering from a developmental coordination disorder, the study aims to quantify the differences in muscular response between these two groups. Results are presented and discussed.

Luis E Rodr?guez Cheu, Wilson A Sierra, Mar?a P. Acero, Carlos Ceballos. VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014

This study aims to investigate the risk of musculoskeletal injury amongst a study population who regularly carry out lifting tasks. Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG are positioned on each participant before activities commence, this data along with other measured parameters is analysed using various statistical methods. Results are discussed to confirm which activities represent the greatest risk of injury and specifically what can be done to reduce this risk.

Misato Ohdaira, Tomoko Kamisawa, Soichiro Morishita, Yinlai Jiang, Masao Sugi, Osamu Yamamura, Hiroshi Yokoi. i-CREATe 2015: Proceedings of the international Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology

This study investigated the brain response during rehabilitation with FES. Knee extension, a simple and common action, was measured using a Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometer.

TaeHoon Kim, SeongSik Kim & ByoungHee Lee. Occup. Ther. Int. 23 (2016) 39?47

In this study involving use of FES with Stroke patients, the outcome measure of wrist ROM was assessed using Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and Electrogoniometer SG 75.

Caroline Ruschel, Elisa Dell?Antonio, Heilane de Brito Fontana, Alessandro Haupenthal, Marcel Hubert, Suzana Matheus Pereira, Helio Roesler. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance.

This study focuses on comparing biomechanical data for a fixed movement carried out on dry land and underwater. Maximum flexion of the knee joint is measured using Biometrics Goniometers (waterproof), the Goniometer is applied prior to the activity and remains attached to the subject during the dry land and underwater conditions. Data is compared and discussed.

Hitoshi Kondo, Fujiko Someya. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28: 319-325 2016

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers and EMG sensors connected to the K800 unit are used to measure the dynamic movements of subjects while they complete a planned activity session. Data is recorded before and after hip strength training to determine the effect of training in results. Goniometer and EMG data is combined with ForcePlate data to provide a complete data set for all subjects during each phase of movement.

Roya Khanmohammadi, Saeed Talebian, Mohammad Reza Hadian, Gholamreza Olyaei, Hossein Bagheri. Gait and Posture 43 (2016) 148-153

Eight EMG sensors are applied over pre-determined muscle locations on each subject; all eight EMG sensors are connected to one DataLOG unit which is subject worn. Subjects are instructed to follow an activity protocol while data is collected. Data is statistically analysed to determine the relationship between subject age and muscle activity including co-contraction. Results are presented and discussed.

J. Sinclair, J. Toth, S. J. Hobbs. Kinesiology 45(2015)1:11-18

This study utilises acceleration data to help determine the optimum footwear when performing depth jumps. The Biometrics ACL300 Accelerometer is applied to the tibia of each subject to determine tibial acceleration during each movement; this data is combined with other measured parameters taken from subjects each wearing selected footwear to confirm if there is an ideal footwear option as well as determining the influence that footwear has on this jump.

P. K. Thain, C. M. Bleakley, A. C. S. Mitchell. Journal of Athletic Training

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors (connected to the DataLlNK unit) are used to record muscle activity throughout this study. Each participant is subjected to a simulated ankle sprain followed by either a wet-ice or cold-water treatment, a group of the subject population received no treatment for the experimental control. Muscle reaction data is presented and discussed to confirm which treatment option is best.

P. Feys, K. Coninx, L. Kerkhofs, T. D. Weyer, V. Truyens, A. Maris, l. Lamers. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2015) 12:60

The Biometrics Dynamometer is used to determine maximal hand grip strength for all study participants. Grip is one of the parameters measured to determine how effective robot-supported upper limb training is for individuals suffering with MS. The study included a control group of healthy subjects in order to confirm success of this training technique.

H. Haberfehlner, H. Maas, J. Harlaar, l. E. Newsum, J. G. Becher, A. l. Buizer, R. T. Jaspers. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2015) 12:67

This study focuses on assessing the precision of available knee-moment angle evaluation methods as well as determining the knee-moment angle characteristics in children suffering from spastic cerebral palsy. A Biometrics Ltd Goniometer is used to verify knee angles recorded throughout this study, Goniometer data along with other measured parameters is displayed and discussed to confirm if there are any significant findings in results taken from typically developing children and children with spastic cerebral palsy as well as the measurement error involved.

S. S. M. Fong, S. S. M. Ng, X. Guo, Y. Wang, R. C. K. Chung, G. stat, W. Y. Ki, D. J. Macfarlane. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015 Oct; 94(41): e1785

This study explores the effect that developmental coordination disorder has on children specifically in regard to lower limb muscle reflexes and postural control. Biometrics EMG sensors are applied to the leg of each subject along with an Accelerometer to record trunk perturbation, both sensor types are connected to the DataLOG unit. The experimental protocol is completed for each subject and results are presented and discussed.

N. S. Milijovic, G. S. Bijelic, O. C. Dordevic, L. M. Konstantinovic, H. R. Zabaleta, T. B. Sekara. Vojnotechnicki Glasnik / Military Technical Courier, 2015, Vol. LXIII, No. 1

The SG150B Goniometer connected to Biometrics instrumentation, is used to record trunk flexion and extension throughout this study. The study population includes individuals suffering from lower back pain as well as healthy subjects. Data is compared to determine if there are any significant differences in measured parameters between these two groups when completing a controlled set of exercises.

P. Waongenngarm, B. S. Rajaratnam, P. Janwantanakul. Safety and Health at Work (2015) 1-6

Biometrics EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG unit are used in this study to determine the relationship between sitting position, muscle fatigue and perceived discomfort. The Biometrics DataLOG analysis software is used to process the EMG signals and these are separated into sections with each representing 10 minutes of sitting. The EMG data supports the perceived discomfort data to determine which position is most ergonomic.

Md. T. l. Khan, T. Kurita. Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2015, Vo. 3, No. 1, 9-14

This study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in muscle activity between younger and older subjects and therefore if age is a contributing factor to knee joint functionality. Biometrics EMG sensors are used to record muscle activity of subjects and this data is presented, compared and discussed.

M. R. Al-Mula, F. Sepulveda, B. Al-Bader. Computers 2015, 4, 251-264

Biometrics Ltd surface EMG sensors and Goniometers are used in this study to collect information from each subject completing a planned exercise session. Data is then entered into various algorithms to confirm which best classifies muscle fatigue. The relationship between elbow angle and RMS values is also explored.

D. Komninos. Physiotherapy UK 2015, Conference 7 Trade Exhibition, BT Convention Centre Liverpool, 16-17 October 2015

Intra and inter rater reliability is analysed in this study involving a clinical test practised with and without an external stabilisation device. Biometrics Goniometers (connected to the K800) verify elbow extension range of motion for each subject under each test condition. Results from this study are used to support a test condition which does not include use of the stabilisation device.

M. W. Coppieters, L. S. Anderson, R. Johansen, P. K. Giskegjerde, M. Hoivik, S. Vestre, R. J. Nee. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Volume 45, Number 10, October 2015

This study analyses a selection of techniques used to determine range of motion, subjects are instructed to complete several exercises while measurements are recorded. Biometrics Goniometers verify the range of motion for each technique and this data is displayed and compared. Results are discussed to confirm their clinical significance.

F. Rahimi, O. Samotus, J. Lee, M. Jog. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (N Y). 2015; 5: 348

The angular position of upper limb tremors is recorded by several Biometrics Goniometers and Torsiometers. This data is recorded for each subject periodically throughout the study which explores the effects of a treatment designed to relieve/reduce tremor in Parkinsons disease patients.

P. Tsaklis, N. Malliaropoulos, J. Mendiguchia, V. Korakakis, K. Tsapralis, D. Pyne, P. Malliaras. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2015:6 209-217

The SG150 goniometer (connected to the DataLOG) is positioned on all subjects for the duration of an exercise session. A pre-set exercise routine is strictly followed by each subject in order to determine the effects of certain exercises on the hamstring muscle. Goniometer data is used to monitor knee flexion throughout exercise.

J. Sinclair, P. J. Taylor, J. Hebron, D. Brooks, H. T. Hurst, S. Atkins. Journal of Human Kinetics volume 46/2015, 19-27

Two EMG normalisation methods are compared in this study. Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are applied to subjects completing a pre-selected cycling protocol. Both EMG normalisation techniques are applied to the data in order to determine which is most reliable.

A. Dufaug, L. Goujon, C. Barthod, N. Forestier, O. Skowron

This study utilises Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors to determine which of two surgical instruments is most ergonomic. EMG sensors are placed over specific muscles on the subject (an expert surgeon) while a surgical suture task is completed with each tool. Data is presented and discussed; the tool which when used resulted in lower muscle activity use is confirmed as the better of the two.

F. Lunardini, S. Maggioni, C. Casellato, M. Bertucco, A. L. G. Pedrocchi, T. D. Sanger. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2015) 12:52

An 8 channel Biometrics EMG system is used to determine the upper limb muscle activity used to complete a drawing task. The subject population comprises children suffering from dystonia as well as healthy age-matched individuals. Results are presented and discussed to help characterise and better understand motor performance in children with dystonia.

A. E. Westbrook, G. S. Sawicki

This study utilises Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors for gait analysis with biofeedback. Muscle activity is used to trigger an audible and vibrational alarm to both reward and help correct the subject under test conditions. Results are discussed and conclude that this setup could positively impact rehabilitation practice if used regularly in impaired populations.

R. Hardie, R. Haskew, J. Harris, G. Hughes. Journal of Human Kinetics volume 45/2015, 39-47

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are positioned bilaterally across the shoulders and spine of subjects. Each subject is instructed to walk normally while wearing a variety of bags in order to determine if bag style and carrying method has an effect on muscle activity and subsequently contributes to lower back pain. All EMG data is analysed via the Biometrics Ltd DataLlNK Analysis Software (built in RMS filter) and compared to determine the "safest" bag style and carrying method.

T.W. Nesser, N. Fleming, M. J. Gage. International Journal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, Vol. 3, No. 4; October 2015

Biometrics Goniometers are used in this study to identify phases of the movement cycle. Goniometers synchronously record joint angle data from the hip, knee and elbow of subjects during each exercise session. Data from other measured parameters is synchronised with this Goniometer data to identify at which phase in the movement cycle core muscles are activated and which exercises are best for core muscle training.

A. H. N. Deghadi, l. S. Waked, M. Alkawi, N. A. M. Nordin, R. Al-Baradie. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Volume 4, Issue 7, 26-38

This analysis includes a comparison of two treatments intended to restore function to the upper limbs of stroke patients. The Biometrics Dynamometer is used to quantify the maximal Grip Strength of all subjects over the course of the study; this data is then reviewed and discussed in a comparative analysis to determine which of the two treatment options is best. Keywords: 2015, USA, EMG, Sport, Health & Exercise Science, Biomechanics

A. Saito, H. Akima. PLoS ONE October 21, 2015

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are fundamental in this study to ensure that a determined angle was reached and maintained throughout data collection. Data from other measured parameters is collected, compared and discussed; the Goniometers were used to control the knee joint angle to ensure a reliable and repeatable evaluation.

Cynthia S. Srikesavan, Barabara Shay, Tony Szturm. The Open Orthopaedics Journal 2015; 9: 57-67

The Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer is used to determine the Grip Strength of subjects suffering from Arthritis. The Grip Strength data is presented together with the outcomes of the new hand function test designed specifically for people with arthritis, the Grip Strength data is also applied to the final analysis showing test-retest reliability.

Shirley S. M. Fong, Y. T. Tam, Duncan J. Macfarlane, Shamay S. M. Ng, Young-Hyeon Bae, Eleanor W. Y. Chan, X. Guo. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015, Article iD: 910168

Biometrics Ltd surface EMG sensors are applied over the core muscles of subjects from two groups (individuals with and without an expert Kinesiology tape application); sensors are connected to the DataLOG unit which is subject worn via a belt around the waist. A variety of TRX exercises are performed and results are discussed to present a comparison between EMG RMS values from both subject groups (RMS data is calculated using the Biometrics DataLOG Analysis Software).

Sandra Hansmann, Susanne M Benseler, Jasmin B Kuemmerle-Deschner. Paediatric Rheumatology (2015) 13:8.

This study concludes that collecting Goniometer data is one of the best ways to find differences between healthy and arthritic knee joints, the maximum flexion and extension values are recorded and from these values, the acceleration and dynamic range of motion are calculated. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers, connected to the DataLOG unit, are used in this study.

Anna Trulsson, Michael Miller, Gert-Ake Hansson, Christina Gummesson, Martin Garwicz. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2015, 16:28.

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers (SG150's) are used to collect knee flexion/extension data for this study assessing the effect of injury on movement, all subjects suffer from an anterior cruciate ligament injury on one side. Goniometer data is presented alongside other measured parameters to give a statistical analysis comparing the injured with the non-injured side.

Sylvie C. F. A. Von Werder, Tim Kleiber, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug. Frontiers in Physiology, February 2015, Volume 6, Article 30.

This study focuses on interpretation of surface EMG data; Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to provide the angular data corresponding to elbow flexion and extension movements performed by the subject population. A final discussion presents the differences of concentric/eccentric muscle activation when the elbow is in flexion/extension within determined angle ranges.

Hiroaki Yano, Naoki Tanaka, Kiyotaka Kamibayashi, Hideyuki Saitou, Hiroo Iwata. The Scientific World Journal Volume 2015, Article iD: 849831.

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to support this investigation into commercially releasing a new gait rehabilitation device developed for Stroke patients. Subjects are instructed to walk using the gait rehabilitation device and a 'real' sloped surface, Ankle Goniometer data is recorded to confirm that the new device allows for healthy motion.

Katie L Meadmore, Timothy A Exell, Emma Hallewell, Ann-Marie Hughes, Chris T Freeman, Mustafa Kutlu, Valerie Benson, Eric Rogers and Jane H Burridge. Meadmore et al. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2014, 11:105

Wrist movement and position was measured using Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometer during FES assisted upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.

Joanne Lumsden, Lynden K. Miles, C. Neil Macrae. Frontiers in Psychology 2014, 5:1064.

Subjects involved in this study were requested to intentionally synchronize or avoid synchronizing with another participant performing the same exercise. Goniometer data was collected to confirm whether the synchronization/synchronization-avoidance was performed correctly, Biometrics Ltd SG110 Goniometers were placed on the elbows of the subjects and compared post data-acquisition. The goniometer results are presented with mood and self-esteem data for discussion.

Alexander Opitz, Wynn Legon, Jerel Mueller, Aaron Barbour, Walter Paulus, William J. Tyler. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2014; 8: 1043.

Surface EMG is monitored throughout this study, to quantify the intensity of electrical pulses, using the Biometrics Ltd surface EMG sensor connected to the Biometrics Ltd K800 Amplifier. This surface EMG data is presented alongside EEG data from each experimental setup and the results are discussed.

Megan O. Conrad, Richard W. Marklin. J Ergonomics. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorder 2014, S4:006

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are used to quantify which of the two Motorcycle clutch designs tested are the easiest to use. Muscle fatigue data is calculated within the DataLINK Analysis software by applying the Median Frequency filter to the raw EMG data. Muscle fatigue data is presented along with other measured parameters and discussed, the study concludes that muscle fatigue data is fundamental to assess the ergonomics of similar controls.

Seyed Mohsen Mir, Saeed Talebian, Nasrin Naseri, Mohammad-Reza Hadian. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014 Oct; 26 (10): 1515-1518

Knee joint proprioception is analysed in this study on healthy subjects. Joint position sense (JPS) data collected using the Biometrics Ltd Goniometers, is used to analyse the stability of the knee joint. Throughout the duration of the study, subjects wearing Goniometers recreated determined joint angles to assess the relationship between joint angle and risk of injury.

Jae Yun Cha, Doo Chul Shin, Seung Ho Shin, Myung Mo Lee, Kyoung Jin Lee, Chang Ho Song. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014 May; 26(5): 749-751

EMG data, collected using the Biometrics Ltd DataLOG unit, is used to assess core muscle activity of a subject population performing shoulder exercises. A variety of parameters were analysed to confirm whether or not the core muscles are affected by changes in surface stability or exercise intensity. The DataLOG unit recorded data from all of the identified core muscles simultaneously to allow for a statistical comparison.

Risa Iwasaki, Ginga Yokoyama, Satoshi Kawabata, Tomotaka Suzuki. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014 Jan; 26(1): 57-61

This study aims to analyse the physical characteristics of subjects carrying out a lifting activity in order to contribute to information regarding the mechanism and development of low back pain. Two Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were applied at specific points along the backbone of each subject for the duration of the experiment. The effects of lifting with and without load are discussed and verified using Goniometer and muscle activity data.

Myung-chul Kim, Seul-Ki Han, Seung-kyun Kim. Jouranl of Physical Therapy Science. 2014 Aug; 26(8): 1143-1146

Goniometer data is used to determine the hip range of motion of stroke patients walking and crossing obstacles in two different environments. Hip flexion and extension values are presented in a comparative analysis alongside other measured parameters. The discussion leads on to highlight the benefits of underwater physical therapy for Stroke patients.

Sutima Thibordeeand, Owrawan Prasartwuth. Chaing Mai University Journal of Natural Science (2014) Vol, 13(1)

This study aims to discover the relationship between the impact force of a kick and ankle joint motion. Joint angle is quantified using Biometrics Ltd Goniometers connected to the DataLOG unit, Goniometer data is discussed along with other measured parameters to identify three kick phases as well as the significant differences between kicks resulting in both high and low impact forces.

Reva E. Johnson, Konrad P. Kording, Levi J. Hargrove, Jonathon W. Sensinger. Fronteirs in Neuroscience 2014; 8: 302

This study aims to determine the relationship between prosthesis control and adaptation behaviour. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to quantify joint angle data for the angle control analysis portion of the experiment. Data from this study suggests that skilled and co-ordinated movement is possible with improved prosthesis control systems.

Yoshiyuki Hirakawa, Michiya Hara, Akira Fujiwara, Hirofumi Hanada, Shu Morioka. Pain Research and Management. 2014 Sep-Oct; 19(5): 251-256

The subject population was evaluated at determined time intervals post TKA surgery. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were used to measure hip ROM during active movement. Goniometer data is presented alongside other measured parameters to determine how significantly neglect-like symptoms contributed to pain.

Cameron Lindsay, Julie Simpson, Sissi Ispoglou, Steve G. Sturman, Ananad D. Pandyan. Trials 2014, 15:12

This proposed study involves the use of Biometrics Ltd Goniometers, connected to the DataLOG unit for recording maximum wrist/elbow flexion and extension. Data will be collected at determined time intervals following stroke, some of the patients will be receiving treatment throughout the duration of the study and some patients will receive a placebo (no treatment). All data collected will be analysed to provide values for spasticity over a period of time which will verify the clinical effects of treatment.

Amir Pourmoghaddam, Marius Dettmer, Daniel P. O'Conner, William H. Paloski, Charles S. Layne. Parkinson's disease Volume 2015, Article iD: 497825

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were applied to the subject population throughout the duration of this study. EMG sensors were connected to the DataLINK unit where data was exported and analysed using the SYNERGOS technique. All study participants were in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, EMG data was collected before and after taking an anti-Parkinsonian medication so that the relationship between muscle activation and medication can be determined and discussed.

Ali Moradi, Reza Rajabi, Hooman Minoonejad, Marzieh Aghaei. Physical Treatments July 2014, Volume 4, Number 2.

Knee Goniometer data is fundamental in determining the relationship between stretching and knee joint position sense. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are applied to the knee joint of each study participants who were instructed to recreate a specific knee joint angle before and after a period of stretching. Results are discussed and compared with existing research.

Giuseppe Lisi, Tomoyuki Noda, Jun Morimoto. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2014; 8: 85

Finger angle was measured using a Biometrics Ltd Goniometer throughout the duration of this finger-tapping study. Subjects were instructed to tap their finger (right hand side or left hand side) while a lower limb assistive robot perturbed the leg. Observations from the initial comparison are discussed to determine the effect on finger tapping when the leg is perturbed.

Navi Roth, Avi Wiener, Joseph Mizrahi. Characterization of major muscles in cycling FES - The European Journal of Translational Myology - Basic Applied Myology 2014; 24 (3): 163-171

This study primarily focuses on measuring muscle activity in subjects participating in cycling movements. Biometrics Goniometers placed on the ankle, knee and hip of subjects are used to determine the limb linkage kinematics which will be used to help interpret the muscle activity data collected. Results from this study are important in movement rehabilitation applications.

Matsuura R, Arimitsu T, Yunoki T, Kimura T, Yamanaka R, Yano T. Biology of Sport, Volume 32, No.1 2015

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were placed over the Vastus Lateralis muscle of each subject performing cycling sprints, raw EMG data is converted into RMS data for inclusion in a statistical analysis along with other measured parameters. Cycling sprints were performed under temperature controlled environments in order to identify the relationship between environmental temperature and neuromuscular efficiency.

Evanda Henry, Stephanie Richmond, Nashrag Shah, Arijit Sengupta. The XXVIth Annual Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference - El Paso TX, June 5-6, 2014

This study focuses on comparing subject-rated comfort scores with quantified EMG measurements in order to determine the most ergonomical stylus grip. EMG data from Biometrics Ltd EMG electrodes connected to the DataLINK unit are used in this study, all data is analysed using the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK Analysis Software and presented in the results section. This study confirms that EMG data alone is not the only factor contributing to comfort scores.

Majid Motamedzade, Davood Afshari, Alireza Soltanian. Health Promotion Perspectives, 2014, 4(2), 144-150

This ergonomics study evaluates two 'carpet weaving' workstations and the effect that each has on shoulder EMG activity. Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are applied bilaterally to the shoulder muscles of subjects, EMG sensors are connected to the DataLOG unit and data is collected over a four hour period for each workstation. A statistical analysis highlights the benefits of the ergonomically designed workstation and a brief discussion identifies the hazards of the traditional workstation, all conclusions are supported by the EMG data collected.

Aamd M. Alasker. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering Vol. 07 No.13 (2014), Article iD: 51289

EMG data is collected from subjects throughout the duration of the study using Biometrics Ltd EMG electrodes connected to the Biometrics DataLINK unit. All subjects are instructed to perform a variety of computer based tests following training to confirm muscle performance in healthy individuals. The results from this study are discussed to highlight the importance of applying EMG control technology as a clinical rehabilitation technique for patients with poor muscle control particularly stroke/spinal cord patients.

Marius Brazaitis, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Dalia Mickeviciene, Rasa Steponaviciute, Albertas Skurvydas. PLoS ONE October 2, 2014

EMG sensors connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLOG unit are used to determine muscle reflex following EMS. This data is recorded for each participant pre and post exposure to a prolonged cold environment. The EMG data along with an extensive range of other measured parameters is used to provide a statistical analysis comparing the human response of cold-water immersion between two identified study population groups.

Thomas Heliskov-Hansenm Susanne Wulff Svendsen, Jane Fr?lund Thomsen, Sigurd Mikkelsen, Gert-Ake Hansson. PLoS ONE November 3, 2014

Bilateral wrist joint movements are recorded for a subject population containing an equal number of male and female participants all working in the painting industry. Biometrics Ltd SG75 Goniometers are used to record flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation of subjects completing a typical days' work. Questionnaire results are compared with the experimental statistics and discussed in order to confirm the differences between the two groups as well as the validity of the questionnaire used.

Aimola E, Valle MS, Casabona A. PLoS ONE 9(10) 2014

This muscle reflex/response study aims to confirm if the muscle activity required to move a determined weight can be predicted once the subject is familiar with the movement. A Biometrics Ltd F35 Goniometer is applied to quantify the finger joint movement during each sub-analysis involving the movement of known weight objects. Goniometer data along with other measured parameters is presented and discussed.

E Paul Zehr, Tsuyoshi Nakajima, Trevor Barss, Taryn Klarner, Stefanie Miklosovic, Rinaldo A Mezzarane, Matthew Nurse, Tomoyoshi Komiyama. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014, 6:33

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to verify the knee, hip and ankle joint throughout the duration of this Gait Analysis study. Goniometer data is collected and presented as a statistical comparison to determine the gait response when cutaneous electrical stimulation is applied to five foot muscles.

Mohamed R. Al-Mulla, Francisco Sepulveda. Sensors 2014, 1 4(6)

Mechanomyography (muscle vibration) is recorded using the Biometrics Ltd ACL300 Accelerometer applied over the muscle belly; a Biometrics Ltd Goniometer over the elbow is used to determine joint movement. Accelerometer and Goniometer data are analysed post data-acquisition to compare alternate signal processing options and confirm the most suitable analysis technique.

Nobuyoshi Hashimoto. Bulletin. Hiroshima Institute of Technology. Research Vol.49 (2015) 83-87

This study aims to determine the requirements of a welding simulator in order to reduce the risks involved with training inexperienced individuals. Subjects, including welding professionals and beginners, are instructed to perform several welding-based tasks while a Biometrics Ltd Goniometer, attached to the wrist, and Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors recorded valuable movement data. The data collected is presented along with the outcome of the welding tasks to confirm the significant differences between the two subject groups.

V Ranawana, MK-S Leow, CJK Henry. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014) 68, 137-139

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are connected to the DataLOG unit which is used in this study to document the effects that Mastication has on the glycaemic index of food. EMG data was fundamental to recording not only the number of times a subject chewed but also mastication rate and other important parameters.

Jung-Hee Kim, Ki-Hyun So, Yu-Ri Bae, Byoung-Hee Lee. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 26: 229-233, 2014

Trunk stability was examined during this study with the help of the Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG unit. Subjects were instructed to perform several exercises on both stable and unstable surfaces with and without using the flexi-bar training instrument. EMG data was analysed to present a relationship between trunk stability and the exercise/exercise surface.

I-Husan Chen, Yea-Ru Yangm Shih-Jung Cheng, Rai-Chi Chan, Ray-Yau Wang. Chinese Journal of Physiology 57(3): 128-136, 2014

This study utilises data recorded from four Biometrics Ltd Goniometers placed bilaterally on the knee and ankle of study participants to quantify the joint angles of a turning movement. Goniometer data is presented along with other measured parameters to identify whether or not there is a pattern in patients post-stroke performing a turning movement and if there is a relationship between the turning direction and falls.

Ricci Hannah, Claire Minshull, Stephanie L. Smith, Jonathon P. Folland. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2013.

Joint stabilisation is monitored throughout this study by focusing on each phase of muscle activation. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used bilaterally on all study participants to quantify knee joint angle during flexion and extension. The Goniometer data is fundamental to determine joint angle when the hamstrings and quadriceps are active to confirm whether or not these muscles are balanced in regards to their respective explosive forces, the results are discussed to consider the importance of this study in terms of risk of knee injury.

M.Bijanzadeh, D. Kahani, E.Daneshi Kohan, M.Joghatai, S.C.Gharooni, M.O. Tokhi. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2013 Vol II

During FES on paraplegic patients, the knee movement achieved was measured using Biometrics Ltd Electrogoniometer.

John-Stuart Brittain, Penny Probert-Smith, Tipu Z. Aziz, Peter Brown. Current Biology 23, 436-440, March 4, 2013

Biometrics Ltd Accelerometers are used to assess tremor in patients suffering from tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease. The ACL300 Accelerometer was secured to each subject throughout the duration of the study which aims to determine the effect of TACS stimulation frequency on tremor. A secondary experiment confirms the relationship between stimulation frequency and tremor which is discussed further.

Patricia Teran-Yengle, H. John Yack. 2013. XXIV Congress of the International society of Biomechanics. XV Brazilian Congress of Biomechanics.

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were placed on the knees of study participants, this study aimed to collect knee extension data for a target population over a 6-10 hour period. The Biometrics Ltd DataLOG unit was used to allow for complete data acquisition (save to card mode) while the subjects carried out a typical 'work' day. Data was analysed post collection to quantify knee range of motion and knee extension changes when participating in different activities.

Huiling Tan, Alek Pogosyan, Anam Anzak, Thomas Foltynie, Patricia Limousin, Ludvic Zrinzo, Keyoumars Ashkan, Marko Bogdanovic, Alexander L. Green , Tipu Aziz , Peter Brown. Experimental Neurology 240 (2013) 122-129

This grip analysis study documents a relationship between age and effects of medication within a group of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Each subject is instructed to grip (using the Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer) after an LED cue. Age matched healthy (non-Parkinson's disease) subjects are included as a control group. Multiple force parameters are documented including time delay (from cue to grip) and grip strength over the experimental period.

Brian C. Nairn, Nadia R. Azar and Janessa D.M. Drake. (2013) IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 1:1, 76-81

Two Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used per subject during this study; Goniometers are connected to the Biometrics DataLOG. The posture of participants within this study is monitored; both the spinal joint angles (two spinal locations) and pain scores are used to determine the long term effects of sitting at a computer/desk within an office environment.

Giedrius Gorianovas, Albertas Skurvydas, Vytautas Streckis, Marius Brazaitis, Sigitas Kamandulis, and Malachy P. McHugh. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013

A Biometrics Ltd Goniometer was used on an array of subjects in order to document muscle damage. Subjects ranged in age to determine whether age is a factor in the magnitude of indirect symptoms of muscle damage. The Goniometer specifically was used to control the knee joint angle during an exercise session.

Caroline C. Allen, Katie A. Dean, Alan P. Jung, John K. Petrella. 2013 International Journal of Exercise Science 278-288

A multitude of Biometrics ltd sensors are used to conduct this muscle activity study. Subjects (all male) were instructed to perform two different types of push-up, each push-up was performed with the participants' hands on separate Biometrics Ltd ForcePlates. EMG sensors were attached to upper body muscles and both the ForcePlates and EMG sensors were connected to the DataLOG unit. Results are presented comparing the 'regular' push-up with the learned 'perfect' push-up.

Go-Un Jung, Tae-Ho Moon, Gun-Woo Park, Jun-Young Lee, Byoung-Hee Lee. J.Phys.Ther.Sci. 25: 147-151, 2013

This study involved an analysis of stroke patients, the Biometrics Ltd Goniometers and EMG sensors were used to document range of motion and other clinical measurements. The Biometrics Ltd DataLOG with analysis software was used. Study participants were split into two groups in order to discover the effects of EMG-Triggered electric stimulation.

Asmar Husain, Abid Ali Kahn, Faisal Hasan. 2013. International Journal of Advancements in Technology Vol.4, No. 1

This study utilises Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLINK unit in order to document the effects of screwdriver handle ergonomics. Data is analysed using Biometrics Ltd DataLINK Analysis software and compared with comfort data along with productivity results. As the experimental variables change, data is collected and displayed with regards to each measured parameter.

J. Marchi, D. Blana, E. K. Chadwick. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

This study aims to determine the mobility and stability differences amongst subjects having experienced shoulder dislocation. Biometrics Ltd. EMG sensors are applied over multiple muscle locations while study participants complete an exercise protocol. EMG data is recorded and discussed to show that the difference in response between previously injured and non-injured individuals is significant.

H. Minoonejad, R. Rajabi, E. Ebrahimi-Takamjani, M. H. Alizadeh, A. A. Jamshidi, A. Azhari, E. Fatehi. 2012. World Journal of Sport Sciences 6 (3): 278-285

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to monitor knee flexion during this study to document the effects of exercise on patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) sufferers. Data was collected before and after a six week period so that a statistical analysis could be carried out comparing results from the control group with the exercise group. The Goniometers were placed on the leg of participants from both subject groups; knee flexion was recorded for a stair climbing activity while pain scores were communicated.

J. Andreasen, C. M. Molgaard, S. Kaalund, S. Lundbye-Christensen, O. Simonsen, M. Voigt. The Foot 23 (2013) 22-28

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used to evaluate the angular position of the foot during this study which aims to analyse how effective treatment for chronic foot pain is. Four treatment groups are identified; Goniometer data is collected before and periodically after treatment in order to determine how effective each treatment programme is. Data is presented and compared to identify which programme showed significant results in reducing pain contributing factors.

Peter K. Thain, Ashley K. Richardson, Andrew C.S.Mitchell. 2012. BASES Biomechanics Interest Group 27th Easter Meeting

Muscle reaction time was monitored during this study using Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLINK unit. Study participants were instructed to stand barefoot on two platforms, one of which moves to simulate ankle sprain, EMG sensors were attached to the lower limb to document the muscle reaction time. A wet ice treatment was applied midway through data acquisition to confirm if this 'ice application'? effects the time taken for each of the three muscles studied to react thus affecting the performance/risk of injury of the athlete/subject.

Ivana Milovanovic, Dejan B. Popovic 2012. Computational Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012. 649743

Participants of this study had all suffered neurological deficits caused by stroke; subgroups were determined by the time period elapsed since the stroke (less than and more than six months). A variety of Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were used with the DataLOG unit in order to quantify joint movement during a walking exercise. Goniometers were placed on both hips and knees of subjects, the paretic and nonparetic leg was documented and used as the primary analysis, a secondary analysis is presented as a comparison between data collected from the sub-populations.

Adam de Laveaga, Michael C. Wadman, Laura Wirth and M. Susan Hallbeck. Work 41 (2012) 4692-4698

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers, Torsiometers and EMG sensors were simultaneously used during this study. All sensors were connected to the DataLINK unit and data was analysed using the DataLINK analysis software. Subjects were instructed to complete several tasks to do with endotracheal intubation; a simulator was used and adjusted to monitor the effects of changing intubation posture.

Bernadette McCrorya, Bethany R. Lowndesa, Laura M. Wirtha, Adam E. de Laveagaa, Chad A. LaGrangeb and M. Susan Hallbeck. Work 41 (2012) 1884-1890

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers (SG65 and SG110) were applied to each subject's dominant wrist and elbow. A surgical simulator set up was used in order to document wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation during LESS (Laproendoscopic Single-Site Surgery). The Goniometers were connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK unit, all data was analysed using the DataLINK analysis software.

Chet R. Whitley, Janet S. Dufek 2011. International Journal of Exercise Science 4(3) 2011 p192-198

Study participants were instructed to complete a backward walking programme in order to document the effects this would have. A Biometrics Ltd SG150/B Goniometer was placed on each subject's lower back to document their lower back-range of motion over the experimental period. After the experimental period, the range of motion data combined with the flexibility data of individual participants is presented and discussed.

Timothy A Thrasher, John S Ward, Stanley Fisher 2011. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2011, 8:65

Eight Biometrics Ltd Surface EMG sensors are positioned on the lower limbs of each study participant; all sensors were connected to the DataLOG unit including foot switches (inside the subjects' shoes). An exercise protocol is followed including treadmill walking so that a complete gait analysis data set is acquired. This data is manipulated post data acquisition in order to identify rhythmic locomotor patterns.

Rick Hall 2011. Focus on Tomorrow. WorkSafeBC

This study aims to quantify the forces that nurse uses when administering treatment, a comparison between traditional syringes and a prototype syringe is documented. A variety of Biometrics Ltd sensors are simultaneously connected to the DataLOG unit, F35 Goniometers are placed on the fingers while the SG65 is attached to the wrist. Flexiforce sensors are also used with the DataLOG unit, all angle and force data is captured using the DataLOG software. Study participants were instructed to follow the test protocol using each syringe so that results could be compared and discussed.

Luke A. Kelly, Olivier Girard, Sebastien Racinais 2011. Official Journal of the American college of Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol 43, No 12, pp 2335-2343

Biometrics Ltd equipment (EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG unit) was used to collect data for this comparison study. The study population consisted of male recreational athletes, each subject was instructed to complete an hours' run while lower limb EMG data was measured, along with other parameters. The positioning of the EMG surface electrodes was marked so that the experiment could be repeated with all participants wearing foot orthoses in their running shoes. A comparative analysis is detailed.

Charles Coey, Manuel Varlet, R.C. Schmidt, Michael J. Richardson. 2011. Experimental Brain Research (2011) 211:483-493

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used in this study to document angular wrist changes of two coordination-based experiments. All participants were instructed to carry out 'pendulum swinging' experiments in order to monitor the effects of coordination while under two different test conditions. The Goniometer data is used to present a statistical analysis of the two experiments so that a relationship between interpersonal coordination and intrapersonal coordination.

Ramakrishnan Mani, Stephan Milosavljevic, S. John Sullivan (2011). The Ergonomics Open Journal, 4, 1-9

A Biometrics DataLOG unit is mounted onto the back of a quad bike used in this vibrational analysis study. Subjects travelled on the quad bike over a variety of terrains in order to analyse the level of whole body vibration that they were exposed to. Subject Body Mass Index (BMI) is fundamental to this experiment in order to document the relationship between BMI and whole body vibration.

Michelle Marr, Julian Baker, Nicky Lambon, Jo Perry. 2011, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 15, 281-290

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were used to document flexibility for this study examining the effects of using the Bowen technique. Each subject was instructed to raise their dominant leg into the air to the point of mild tension in the thigh; this end-point measurement was used in the final comparisons. Participants reached this point before and after therapy to record not only the effect of the treatment but also the long term effects over a period of time.

N Ball, J Scurr; Journal Of Exercise Physiology, Vol 14 Number 4 August 2011

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG with analysis software and SX230 EMG used to measure EMG activity to assess the effect of different muscle actions, velocity, and load on the bilateral EMG response of the triceps surae.

H Jan Smit, E K Kemsley, H S Tapp, C Jeya, K Henry; Appetite - 1168 Feb 2011

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG used to measure bilateral EMG activity of masseter muscle and anterior portion temporalis muscles during chewing of food.

S Malhotra, AD Pandyan, S Rosewilliam, C Roffe, H Hermens; Clinical Rehabilitation 2011; 25: 184-191

Biometrics Ltd equipment is used to identify a relationship between upper limb functional recovery and the development of spasticity in stroke patients over a quantified time. A combination of Biometrics sensors including Goniometers and EMG probes were used along with a force transducer to evaluate range of motion muscle activity and force simultaneously during exercise. With this data, clinicians are capable of studying the development of spasticity and wrist contractures over time in addition to confirming the relationship between spasticity, function and contracture development.

SS Bonab, B Tarverdizadeh, MA Azarbayjani, YS Zamani; World Applied Sciences Journal, 13 (3) 2011 pages 552 - 557

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG used to measure EMG activity in Gastrocnemius muscle whilst running on a treadmill, comparing athletes with non-athletes.

N Hancock, L Shepstone, P Rowe, PK Myint, V Pomeroy; Trials 2011 12:68

Biometrics Ltd DataLink and EMG sensors (SX230) used to measure muscle activity in early stroke patients during stationary bike pedalling exercise.

B Ezenwa, HT Yeoh; Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development Volume 48, Number 2, 2011 pages 179 - 190

Biometrics Ltd Accelerometer ACL300 and DataLog with analysis software were used in this study of use of vibration to improve bone density.

A Greenhalgh, J Sinclair, A Leat, N Chockaligam; Footwear Science Volume 3 Supplement 1 September 2011

Biometrics DataLOG and ACL300 Accelerometer used to measure impact shocks runners experienced in varying conditions.

D Di Fazio, L Lombardo, A Gracco, P D'Amico, G Siciliani; American Journal Of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics January 2011 Pages e1 - e6

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG with analysis software and flexible force sensors were used to measure lip pressure at rest and whilst swallowing.

Olga Theou, Gareth R. Jones, Anthony A. Vandervoort, Jennifer M. Jakobi 2010. Experimental Gerontology 25 (2010) 909-917

This frailty study relied on acquisition of quantified EMG measurements recorded over a significant time period (9/10 hour). Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG unit allowed each study participant to freely go about their regular day while EMG data from their upper and lower limbs was collected and stored within the DataLOG unit (save to card mode). Data was analysed post data acquisition and combined with other quantified parameters to discuss the relationship between muscle activity and frailty category.

Yong-Ku Kong, M. Susan Hallbeck, Myung-Chul Jung (2010). Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 20, 1223-1229

This crosstalk analysis utilises the Biometrics Ltd Surface EMG sensors connected to the DataLINK unit. Subjects were measured and EMG sensors were applied to specific points of their forearms, EMG data was then recorded during static grip exercises. Post data acquisition filtering is applied to the EMG data to present the effects of crosstalk.

Bernard Piotuch, Andrzej zyluk. 2010 Polski Prezeglad chirurgiczny, 82, 6, 347-353

Participants of this study had recently undergone carpal tunnel surgery. The analysis aims to investigate the results from a patient questionnaire with quantitative data recorded. The Biometrics Ltd dynamometer connected to the DataLINK unit was used to record grip strength for the subject population pre and post-surgery.

Ronald A Burgess, William F Pavlosky, R Terry Thompson. 2010. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 11:273

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are applied to the wrists of study participants, all subjects are regular computer users. Goniometer data collected is used in combination with MRI data in order to document the effects of long term computer use on the wrist. A sub analysis included splitting subjects into either an asymptomatic or symptomatic group.

Nebojsa Malesevic, Lana Popovic, Goran Bijelic, Goran Kvascev. 2010. Journal of Automatic Control, University of Belgrade, Vol. 20:53-58

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are applied to the finger and wrist of participants in this study. The objective of this analysis is to test muscle twitch responses of subjects when exposed to two different types of electrical stimulation. The Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were fundamental in assessing the continuous pulse stimulation response; this data was them compared with that from the single current pulse stimulation.

Elizabeth Cousins, Anthony Ward, Christine Roffe, Lesley Rimington, Anand Pandyan; clinical Rehabilitation 2010; 24: 501-513

A variety of Biometrics Ltd sensors are used to measure arm function and spasticity in stroke patients. Sensors used include the Dynamometer, EMG probes, Goniometers and a custom built, hand held force transducer all connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK unit. Data was recorded at distinct time intervals post stroke in order to document arm function recovery of two control groups, one group were administered a low dose of botulinum toxin early on after stroke while the other was administered a placebo.

O Flannery, M Naughton, A Walsh; European Journal of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology 2010, vol 20, pp 131-135

Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer and Pinchmeter were used in this study to compare the outcome of two different treatments for dorsally displaced distal radial fractures.

E Martinez-Quintana, G Miranda-Calderin, A Ugarte-Lopetegui, F Rodreguez-Gonzalez; Congenital Heart Disease 2010,5:44-50

A Biometrics Ltd grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength in this study of the effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.

YT Chen, CY Chen, HW Liang, TR Chang, YH Hwang; Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 18:p1-14 2010

Biometrics Ltd EMG used to monitor activities of extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) during various hand activities while the Biometrics Ltd Goniometer simultaneously measured the wrist movement and number of repetitions.

L Daniuseviciute, K Pukenas, M Brazaitis, A Skurvydas, S Sipaviciene, I Ramanauskiene, V Linonis; Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2010 No. 8(104), Medicine Technology T115

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors used to recorded muscle activity of Vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during jumping activity for fatigue analysis.

C P Miller, J E Bible, K A Jegede, P G Whang, J N Grauer; Spine 2010, 35(26) E1546-E1552

This study used a dynamic motion analysis system comprised of" Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, Goniometer, Torsiometer, and Analysis Software. "This system allows for the accurate calculation of the flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the cervical spine.""

C M Comer, M I Johnson, P R Marchant, A C Redmond, H A Bird, P G Conaghan; Archives Of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 91 Issue 1 p15-19 January 2010

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG, Goniometer, and Analysis Software used to measure spinal angle during testing of walking tolerance.

H Farid, G Nia, J A R Cannan, M A Oskoei, H Hu, University OF Essex Publication CES-507

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and EMG sensors used to record human EMG signals which in turn are used to control a robotic arm.

D Perriman J Scarvell, A Hughes, B Ashman, C Lueck, P Smith; SPINE, Volume 35, Number 14, pages E633 - E640

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer used with the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK was compared against the "gold standard" Cobb angle method in measurements of the thoracic spine. The results state that the Biometrics Ltd Goniometer "is accurate, has excellent test-retest reliability, and has concurrent validity compared with the Cobb angle. The Goniometer is therefore proposed as an ideal tool for the evaluation of interventions aimed at improving sagittal thoracic spine posture."

Vi, Peter 2009 Infrastructure Health and Safety Association

This comparative study utilises Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors connected to the DataLOG unit, EMG sensors are placed on the forearms of participants during the activity/data acquisition stage. All EMG data collected is presented in order to discuss the comparisons between two safety techniques used in the building and construction industry for ladder climbing. Participants wore the DataLOG unit on a belt around their waist as they climbed ladders using each safety device.

Gert-Ake Hansson, Istvan Balogh, Kerstina Ohlsson, Lothy Granqvist, Catarina Nordander, Inger Arvidsson, Ingrid Akesson, Jeanette Unge, Ralf Rittner, Ulf Stromberg, Staffan Skerfving. International Journal of Inductrial Ergonomics 39 (2009) 221-233

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors and Goniometers were used for this extensive ergonomic study. EMG data from the forearm extensors and goniometry data from the wrist were collected simultaneously using the DataLOG unit. A large subject population was used involving workers from a wide range of industries in order to determine the effects on the wrist and forearm in different job roles.

Gregorios Krekoukias, Nicola J. Petty, Liz Cheek. 2009. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 19 39-45

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors are used to document muscle activity in this study analysing the effects of lumbar spine mobilisation. All EMG sensors were connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK unit and data collected was filtered using the DataLINK software. All subjects within this study were instructed to follow the specified protocol; their EMG data was recorded before and after posteroanterior mobilisation. The subject population was divided into three groups (placebo, mobilisation and control) in order to allow for a comparison analysis.

Bennett, A. I. (2009) Rhodes University

Flexible TF sensors are inserted into industrial work boots and connected to the DataLOG unit. Subjects wearing these boots were instructed to carry out the specified push/pull exercises. Data collected, including body discomfort data communicated by the individual post exercise, is used to identify the relationship between response to push/pull exercise and the load and technique used.

David T Felson, K Douglas Gross, Michael C Nevitt, Mei Yang, Nancy E Lane, James C Torner, Cora E Lewis, Michael V Hurley. 2009. Arthritis Care and Research Volume 61, Issue 8, pages 1070-1076

All participants of this study either suffered with osteoarthritis in the knee joint or were at high risk of it. Biometrics Ltd Goniometers were attached to the right knee of the subject population in order to document results from the analysis. A guided knee joint angle was held for a predetermined time and recorded, the participants were instructed to recreate this angle from memory and communicate pain ratings. Goniometer data was then combined with radiographic grades.

M Gabl, M Blauth, M Lutz, R Zimmermann, P Angermann, R Arora, H Piza-Katzer, H Hussl, M Ninkovic, S Schneeberger, R Margreiter; Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2009, 41:224-229; article in German

Improvement in motor function of the upper extremity was investigated in a patient following bilateral forearm transplantation. Grip and pinch strength were measured using Biometrics Ltd grip Dynamometer and Pinchmeter.

E Cousins, A B Ward, C Roffe, L D Rimington, A D Pandyan; Physical Therapy Volume 89 Number 7 p688-697

Biometrics Ltd DataLINK, Goniometers and EMG sensors used as a neurophysiological measure of joint angle and EMG activity in post stroke patients treated for spasticity with Botulinum toxin.

A Roy, HI Krebs, DJ Williams, CT Bever, LW Forrester, RM Macko, N Hogan; IEEE Transactions On Robotics Vol 25 No 3 June 2009

Biometrics Ltd SG110 Goniometer used to validate accuracy of ankle angle on a robotic ankle rehabilitation system.

G J Marquez, J Mon, R M Acero, Jose A Sanchez and M Fernandez-Del-Olmo; The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 23(5)/1470-1476 2009

This study was designed to determine the effect of different cycling cadences at low intensity and short duration on explosive muscle movements. Data acquisition using Biometrics DataLOG with analysis software, Goniometers and SX230 EMG to measure the joint movements and muscle activity of the leg.

A Zyluk, T Budzynski; Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny, 2009, 81, 5, 217-224

Biometrics Ltd Dynamometer and Pinchmeter used with a Biometrics Ltd DataLINK to measure grip and pinch strength in metacarpal fracture patients, comparing those who had surgery (K-wire fixaton) with those patients who were treated more conservatively by reduction and immobilization.

N Kunju, N Kumar, D Pankaj, A Dhawan, DR Amod Kumar; Indian Journal of Biomechanics, Special Issue (NCBM 7-8 March 2009)

Biometrics Ltd DataLINK and SX230 EMG used to measure EMG activity of Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles whilst subject was walking. Data was analyised using the RMS and Median Frequency filters in the Biometrics Ltd Analysis Software.

S Lauer, R Hillman, L Li, G Hosgood; American Journal of Veterinary Research 2009, vol 70, no 5, pp 658-664

Biometrics Ltd Surface EMG sensors, electrogoniometers, contact switches and data acquisition instrumentation were used in this study to determine the effect of various levels of treadmill incline on the muscle activity and joint position/movement in healthy dogs.

Hyperthermia impairs short-term memory and peripheral motor drive transmission

This study aims to document the relationship between ambient temperature and muscle activity. The Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors (connected to the DataLOG unit) were applied to subjects and worn throughout the duration of the study (over each of the three temperature environments). EMG signals were collected and analysed post data acquisition to quantify muscle activity.

Chenchen Wang, Christopher H Schmid, Patricia L Hibberd, Robert Kalih, Ronenn Roubenoff, Ramel Rones, Aghogho Okparavero, Timothy McAlindon. 2008 BNC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9:108

This paper details a design protocol for testing treatment of knee osteoarthritis amongst patients. One of the analyses conducted includes applying a Biometrics Ltd Goniometer to the knee joint, patients are guided to a specific angle and then asked to recreate it from memory. The main objective here is to conclude that patients whom regularly practice Tai Chi will have reduced symptoms of osteoarthritis which will have subsequent benefits such as an enhanced quality of life.

Vi, Peter 2008 AHFE International Conference

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were used in this study in order to compare muscle activity between two sanding techniques. The EMG sensors were connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLOG unit and data was analysed post acquisition. Findings from this study are useful to the building and construction industry as they highlight some egronomical limitations of new techniques/equipment.

Aimee L. Betker, toy szturm, Zahra m. K. Moussavi. (2008). IEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

This visual-spatial experiment includes the use of Biometrics EMG sensors connected to the DataLINK unit. Subjects are monitored as they undertake a biofeedback 'game' in which their ability to maintain balance is analysed. EMG data collected is filtered and displayed alongside the centre of foot pressure (COP) results to determine an individuals' response to different Motor tasks.

K N Mileva, J L Bowtell, A R Kossev; Experimental Physiology 2008 94.1 p103-116

Biometrics Ltd Goniometer used to measure knee flexion angles whilst subjects performed squat exercise during and after whole body vibration with motor-evoked potentials elicited in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation.

KJ O'Donovan, AK Bourke, DT O'Keeffe, G OLaighin; Medical Engineering & Physics 31 2009 p55-60

Biometrics DataLOG and SX230 EMG sensors used to measure EMG activity of calf muscle for comparison against an inertial sensor system whilst performing exercises to reduce the risk of DVT.

A Browne, J Healy, L O'Sullivan; J Appl Biomech 2008 Feb 24(1) 43-50

Biometrics ACL300 used to measure slip force of an object as it was dropped.

A V Savescu, M L Latash and V M Zatsiorsky; University Of Limerick Ireland; Healthcare Systems Ergonomics and Patient Safety (HEPS) Conference, Strasbourg, June 25-27, 2008

Biometrics Ltd DataLINK, Goniometers, and EMG were used to record wrist posture and forearm muscle activity in simulated endoscopy procedure.

MA Oekoei, H Hu and JQ Gan; University Of Essex, UK; 30th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference Vancouver, Canada, August 20 -24 2008

Biometrics Ltd SX230 electrodes used to measure muscle activity in four locations on forearm to measure whilst playing computer games.

P Piriyaprasarth, M Morris, A Winter, A Bialocerkowski; Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008, 9:6

This study examined the inter- and intra-tester reliability of knee joint angle measurements using a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer. The clinical utility of electrogoniometry was also addressed. Data was collected using the Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and analyzed using Biometrics Ltd Analysis Software.

M Arroyo-Morales, N Olea, MM Martinez, A Hidalgo-Lozano, C Ruiz-Rodriguez, L Diaz-Rodriguez; The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008, vol 14, no 10, pp 1223-1229

Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors and DataLINK data acquisition system with analysis software was used to quantify muscle activity in the quadriceps in this study to evaluate the effect of massage on neuromuscular recruitment, mood state, and mechanical nociceptive threshold after high-intensity exercise.

GS Patel, A Rai, S Prasad; Sensors and Transducers Journal March 2008, vol 89, issue 3, pg 39-51

The aim of this paper is to describe a human machine interface using Electromyogram (Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors) signal to artificially control the limb movement.

C Wang, C Schmid, P Hibberd, R Kalish, R Roubenoff, R Rones, A Okparavero, T McAlindon; Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008, 9:108

This study examines the effects of a 12 week Tai Chi program compared with an attention control (wellness education and stretching) on pain, functional capacity, psychosocial variables, joint proprioception and health status in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Knee proprioception, which is reduced in KOA was measured using a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer with a Biometrics Ltd ADU301 angle display unit during each assessment visit.

Sweta Malhotra, Elizabeth Cousins, Anthony Ward, Charles Day, Peter Jones, Christine Roffe, Anand Pandyan; Clinical Rehabilitation 2008; 22: 1105-1115

Spasticity is measured at the wrist flexors of stroke patients using a combination of Biometrics Ltd EMG probes and Goniometers along with a force transducer connected to the Biometrics Ltd DataLINK unit. Force, range of motion and muscle activity were measured simultaneously during patient exercise in order to confirm the relationship between biomechanical, clinical and neurophysiological measurements necessary to best manage and assess spasticity.

O Alizadehkhaiyat, A Fisher, G Kemp, K Vishwanathan, S Fostick; Journal of Orthoaedic Research December 2007

This study investigated strength, fatigability, and activity of upper limb musculature to elucidate the role of muscular imbalance in the pathophysiology of tennis elbow. Grip strength was measured using a Biometrics Ltd dynamometer.

T Jones, S Kumar; NORA Proceedings 2007 p103 -110

Biometrics Ltd Goniometer and Torsiometer used to measure motion of the wrist and forearm whilst subjects hammered saws.

T Kline, B Schmidt, D Kamper; Brain 2007, 130(1):159-169

Joint angles of the digits of the impaired hand and angle measurements of the elbow joint on the impaired side were measured with Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers in this study of patterns of interlimb coupling in ten stroke survivors with chronic hand impairment.

CS Moriguchi, TO Sato, HJC Coury; Revista Brasileria de Fisioterapia 2007, vol 11, no 3

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer connected to a Biometrics Ltd datalogger was used to evaluate ankle movements of healthy individuals walking on a treadmill.

S Kasahara, J Ebata, M Takahashi; Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2007; 19:251-256

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeated one-leg heel-rise test method of ankle plantar flexion in MMT with kinematic measuring devices and EMG. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to monitor ankle and knee movements during the test.

A Trejo, MC Jung, D Oleynikov, MS Hallbeck; Applied Ergonomics 2007, 38: 745-753

One of the main ergonomic problems associated with laparoscopy is the surgeon's non-neutral position during surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate a laparoscopic tool design by examining the effects of hand posture, target position and monitor angle on physical workload and operation efficiency during both insertion and aim tasks. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure wrist and elbow position. Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors were used to measure muscle activity in forearm and upper arm muscles.

P Jonsson, P Johnson, M Hagberg; Ergonomics 2007, vol 50, issue 5, pg 647-659

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and feasibility of using a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer for measuring simple thumb movements and concluded that electrogoniometers have utility for studying thumb movements during mobile phone use and may be used to evaluate other thumb-based input devices.

R Matsuura, H Ogata, T Yunoki, T Arimitsu, T Kimura, T Yano; Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2007, 26:51-57

Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors were used to collect lower extremity muscle activity during each of ten cycling sprints.

Todd M. Thomas, Denis J. Marcellin-Little, Simon C. Roe, B. Duncan X. Lascelles, Bess P. Brosey. American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol67, No. 12, December 2006

This study aims to confirm the differences between measuring joint angle using two Goniometer types; results undergo a final verification step with the help of radiography data. The Biometrics Ltd Goniometer represents one of the Goniometer types and is held against the specified joint of each subject (dog) in order to record the maximum flexion and extension of the joint, this is repeated using the alternate Goniometer. Results are compared within a statistical analysis and discussed.

M W Coppieters, A M Alshami; Journal Of Orthopaedic Research 2006 24 p1-9

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers used to measure wrist and elbow joint position and movement in cadavers during testing of novel nerve gliding techniques.

M W Coppieters, A M Alshami, P W Hodges; Arch Phys Med Rehabil Vol 87 October 2006

Biometrics Ltd Goniometer used to accurately document elbow positions during neurodynamic testing in subjects with induced hand pain.

M Pierre, K Genc, M Litow, B Humphreys, A Rice, C Maender, P Cavanaugh; Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2006, 3:8

Custom made Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were incorporated into a custom built Lower Extremity Monitoring Suit to monitor knee movement in the same subjects on earth and then in space aboard the International Space Station.

M Holubar, M Rice; Australian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2006, 53:35-42

This study aimed to maintain the purposefulness of the occupation - the entire movement of placing the coffee mug on the shelf. The data was collected by using a Biometrics Ltd electronic Goniometer attached across the elbow of the dominant limb.

J Huddleston, A Alaiti, D Goldvasser, D Scarborough, a Freiberg, H Rubash, H Malchau, W Harris, D Krebs

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation; Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure bilateral knee flexion angles for periods of 7-24 hours.

K Saremi, J Marehbian, X Yan, JP Regnaux, R Elashoff, B Bussel, B Dobkin; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 2006, 20(2)

A biomechanical model was used to compute lower extremity joint kinematics over a short walkway. Surface EMG was acquired with the (Biometrics Ltd) DataLOG system using 8 (Biometrics Ltd) SX230 EMG sensors and analysed using (Biometrics Ltd) version 3 Analysis Software.

G Sawicki, A Domingo, D Ferris; Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2006, 3:3

The goal of this study was to test the effects of robotic assistance in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury using pneumatic powered ankle-foot orthoses. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure bilateral ankle, knee, and hip movement.

I Balough, K Ohlsson, GA Hansson, T Engstrom, S Skerving; International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2006, 36:353-365

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used for measuring work postures and movements of the wrists of production line workers in a company processing wooden boards for parquet flooring.

Y Toshihiko, T Kumiko, I Hidemi, K Mikiko, F Kimie, T Katsuyuki, M Katsumi; Journal of Human Nursing Studies 2006, vol 3, pg 11-21

Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors were used to measure to muscle function.

R Matsuura, H Ogata, T Yunoki, T Arimitsu, T Yano; Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2006, 25:267-273

Biometrics Ltd SX230 EMG sensors were used to collect lower extremity muscle activity in repeated cycling sprints.

Andrew N Rimell, Neil J Mansfield. 2005. Presented at the 40th United Kingdom Conference on Human Response to Vibration.

This study aimed to document the vibrational effects of machine operator seats, the Biometrics DataLOG unit is used as the supporting instrumentation for all sensors used. All participants were measured before the experiment begun; a sub analysis of seat type is also presented within the results whereby the participants remained constant to ensure a fair comparison.

Presented at the 40th United Kingdom Conference on Human Response to Vibration - Liverpool UK 13th to15th September 2005

Biometrics Ltd DataLOG and Accelerometers used to measure single and multi-axis vibration in vehicle seats.

PJ Rowe, CM Myles, R Nutton; Journal of Orthopedic Surgery 2005, 13(2):131-138

This study used Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers to evaluate active and functional knee excursion of patients before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to determine whether TKA restores quality of life related to functional activities of daily living.

L Carey, D Abbott, G Egan, J Bernhardt, G Donnan; Stroke 2005, 36:625-629

In this study finger tapping ability was used as one of the parameters to quantify recovery following stroke. Biometrics Ltd finger Goniometers were used to measure the range of active flexion-extension movement of the MCP joint of the index finger.

MH Jan, HM Chai, YF Lin, JCH Lin, LY Tsai, YC Ou, DH Lin; Physical Therapy October 2005, vol 85, no 10

The ability to perform 20 or more one-leg heel-rises is considered a 'normal' grade for muscle strength of the ankle plantar flexors, regardless of age and strength. Because muscle strength is closely related to age and sex, the 'normal' test criterion was re-evaluated in different groups categorized by age and sex. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation was used to measure the angle of ankle plantar flexion.

JH Chang, HY Hsu, FC Su; Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 2005, 25(1): 33-37

Wrist pain is a common complaint in hand clinics. Flexible electro-goniometry offers a convenient method to investigate joint kinematics in clinical environment. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer was used to measure wrist circumduction in injured subjects.

S Lehericy, H Benali, PF Van de Moortele, M Pelegrini-Issac, T Waechter, k Ugurbil, J Doyon; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005, vol 102, no 35

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and ADU 301 Angle Display Unit were used to measure the amplitude of the subjects' finger movements before and after training in this study of changes to brain function during the explicit learning of a sequence of finger movements over a month of training.

J Petrella, JS Kim, C Tuggle, S Hall, M Bamman; Journal of Applied Physiology 2005, 98:211-220

The purposes of this study were to examine age and gender differences in knee extension strength, power, and fatigue using open- and closed-chain testing procedures. Knee position and flexion/extension movement was measured using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and neural activity of the right knee extensors was measured for each of three superficial quadriceps muscles using Biometrics Ltd EMG sensors. EMG were digitized at 1000 Hz and electrogoniometer inputs at 500 Hz, and data from each input were analyzed simultaneously using Biometrics Ltd DataLINK with software version 2.0.

T Wakahara, J Ushiyama, H Kanehisa, Y Kawakami, T Fukunaga; International Journal of Sport and Health Science 2005, vol 3, 75-82

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the angles of ankle (SG110A) and knee (SG150) joints in this study of lower extremity biomechanics.

YP Liu, HC Chen, CY Chen; Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 2005, 26(1):12-28

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and EMG sensors were used for onsite measurement of the physical workload of workers, including head and neck of a truck driver and wrist and forearm of a punch press operator.

PC Kao, D Ferris; Motor Control 2005, 9:144-163

Six Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to record hip, knee, and ankle joint angles bilaterally.

N Kawashima, D Nozaki, MO Abe, M Akai, K Nakazawa; Journal of Neurophysiology 2005, 93:777-785

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used in this study using a passive locomotion device in spinal cord injury patients.

M Wise, T Uhl, C Mattacola, A Nitz, W Kiber; Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2004, Vol 13, No 6

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in demands on glenohumeral musculature during unsupported and supported active range of motion (AROM) shoulder exercises. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer was used to measure shoulder range of motion of each exercise.

ZM Li, S Dun, D Harkness, T Brininger; Motor Control 2004, 8, 1-15

The purpose of this study was to examine motion enslaving characteristics of multiple fingers during isolated flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints. Four Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers connected to a Biometrics Ltd K100 were used to measure the angular motion of the joints.

M. Perez, B Lungholt, K Nyborg, J Nielsen; Experimental Brain Research 2004, 159:197-205

Training induced changes in cortical excitability may play an important role in rehabilitation of gait in patients with neurological disorders. This study investigated the effect of a 32 minute period of motor skill, non-skill, and passive training involving the ankle muscles on leg motor cortical excitability in healthy humans. Ankle movement was measured using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer.

GA Hansson, I Balogh, K Ohlsson, S Skerfving; Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 2004, 14:355-367

A Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and Torsiometer were mounted in a jig to simulate the biomechanics of the wrist and forearm.

H Huang, D Ferris; Journal of Applied Physiology 2004, 97:1299-1308

In this study Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure bilateral hip, knee and ankle movements.

T Lam, C Wolstenholme, M van der Linden, M Pang, J Yang; Journal of Physiology 2003, 553:319-331

This study examined stumbling corrective (tripping) responses to mechanical disturbances applied to the foot during stepping in 33 healthy human infants ages 5-13 months. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the hip and knee movement.

MW Coppieters, KH Stappaerts, LL Wouters, K Janssens, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2003, vol 33, no 7, 369-377

The available ROM during neurodynamic testing is frequently used to appraise the mechanosensitivity and extensibility of the nervous system and in this study was used as the principal outcome measure. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer was used to measure the elbow ROM.

MW Coppieters, KH Stappaerts, LL Wouters, K Janssens; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2003, vol 26, no 2, pp 99-106

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation used in this study to analyze whether aberrations in shoulder girdle-elevation force during neural tissue provocation testing for the median nerve can be demonstrated, and whether possible aberrations can be normalized following cervical mobilization.

M Stal, S Pinzke, GA Hansson, C Kolstrup; Ann Agriculture Environmental Medicine 2003, 10:67-72

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure bilateral wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation in the ergonomics study of milkers while working in a modern rotary milking system.

K Babski-Reeves, L Crumption-Young; Ergonomics 2003, vol 46, no 7, 747-759

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation was used in this ergonomics study of 53 workers in a fish processing facility.

Anand D Pandyan, Christopher IM Price, Michael P Barnes, Garth R Johnson; Clinical Rehabilitation 2003; 17: 290-294

In this study, blind resistance to passive movement measurements are taken using the Biometrics Ltd Goniometer along with a force transducer; data is then graded using the Ashworth Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale, all subjects are stroke patient volunteers. An investigation comparing the non-impaired arm with the impaired arm is presented as a sub analysis. Results are discussed following a statistical analysis to confirm the validity of the Ashworth scale with respect to biomechanical data.

J R Goldsmith, R H Lidtke, S Shott; Journal Of American Podiatric Medical Association Vol 92 No 9 October 2002

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers used to measure ankle joint position prior to and during exercise therapy to increase joint mobility and reduce plantar pressures in diabetic patients.

Christian Duval, Denis Lafontaine, Jacques H?bert, Alain Leroux, Michel Panisset, Jean P. Boucher. (2002) Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. Volume 25, Number 7

All subjects participating in this study suffer from Parkinson's Disease, a Trager therapy session was administered to all subjects by a licensed therapist. A Biometrics Ltd Goniometer was placed on the most rigid hand (last digit and wrist) to analyse joint movement in the initial rigidity tests as well as the following two posttests (post therapy)

M Pang, J Yang; The Journal of Neuroscience 2002, 22(13):5734-5740

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure hip position in 37 infants between the ages of 5 and 13 months.

A Pandyan, P Vuadens, F van Wijck, S Stark, G Johnson, M Barnes; Clinical Rehabilitation 2002, 16:654-660

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer incorporated into a measurement system to quantify the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in treating elbow spasticity in a unilateral stroke population.

HG Coury, R Padula; Clinical Biomechanics 2002, 17:309-311

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and instrumentation used in this study to compare two groups of workers with and without upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms when simulating handling tasks, regarding trunk movements and load support.

LM Bearne, DL Scott, MV Hurley, Rheumatology 2002; 41:157-166

The objective of this study was to compare quadriceps sensorimotor function, lower limb functional performance and disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy subjects, and to investigate the efficacy and safety of a brief rehabilitation program. Proprioception acuity was estimated from the acuity of reproduction of knee joint position sense measured with a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer.

M Coppieters, K Stappaerts, K Janssens, G Jull; Physiotherapy Research International 2002, 7(3): 146-156

The range of elbow extension in both the laboratory and clinical conditions was measured with Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and instrumentation in this study.

M Coppieters, M Van de Velde, K Stappaerts; Anestiesiology 2002, 97:75-81

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation were used to measure wrist and elbow motion with four variations of the brachial plexus tension test.

PJ Rowe, CM Myles, SJ Hillmann, ME Hazlewood; Physiotherapy Sept 2001, vol 87, no9 :479-488

The measurement of the Biometrics Ltd flexible electrogoniometer were investigated using a series of controlled experiments including comparison to a TV motion analysis system while measuring knee movement during gait.

Movement of the knee in osteoarthritis: the use of electrogoniometry to assess function

This study 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers concluded: 'Electrogoniometry is relatively inexpensive, can be performed in a normal clinical setting with minimal inconvenience to the patient, and may prove to be a valuable objective tool for comparative evaluation of different prostheses or surgical techniques for total knee replacement.?

M Pang, J Yang; The Journal of Physiology 2001, 533:617-625

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure hip movement in twenty-eight infants aged from 4 to 12 months.

MW Coppieters, KH Stappaerts, FF Staes, DG Everaert; Manual Therapy 2001, 6(2) 88-96

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation were used to measure the ROM of the wrist and elbow during this study to measure shoulder girdle elevation force during neural tissue provocation tests of the median nerve.

MW Coppieters, KH Stappaerts, DG Everaert, FF Staes; Journal of Orthopedics & Sports Physical Therapy 2001; 31(5): 226-237

In this study to analyze the impact of different components of the neural tissue provocation test for the median nerve on the range of motion of the elbow and wrist and the sensory responses elicited by the test. Wrist and elbow range of motion was measured with Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and instrumentation.

A.D.Pandyan, C.I.M.Price, H.Rogers, M.P.Barnes, G.R.Johnson; Clinical Biomechanics 16 (2001) 859-865

Biometrics Ltd Goniometers are used simultaneously with a force transducer to verify resistance to passive motion. In order to quantify spasticity, blind data from the resistance to passive motion test is used together with the Modified Ashworth Scale to identify the 'catch' phenomenon. Findings regarding the relationship between the Modified Ashworth Scale and patient resistance to passive motion are presented. A statistical analysis is documented comparing the impaired arm with the non-impaired arm of participants in this study.

Effects of progressive levels of industrial automation on force and repetitive movements of the wrist

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and Torsiometer were used with a Biometrics Ltd datalogger to record wrist movements of workers in a multinational company for producing office products. A Biometrics Ltd P100 Pinchmeter was used for recording the maximum pinch strength and the job simulated pinch strength.

R Burnett, D Laidlaw, R Enoka; Journal of Applied Physiology 2000, 89:61-71

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between steadiness and activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles during isometric and anisometric contractions. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and K100 amplifier were used measure the index finger abduction/adduction as part of the quantification of the steadiness.

GA Hansson, I Balogh, K Ohlsson, B Palsson, L Rylander, S Skerving; Applied ergonomics 2000, 31:301-310

Wrist positions and movements were recorded bilaterally, for both the flexion/extension and the deviation angles using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and datalogger.

P Szuic, J Lewandowski, B Marecki; Medical Science Monitor 2000, 7(2): 312-315

In this study Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer was used as the accurate and reliable measurement to validate knee position measurements with a universal Goniometer.

R Ferguson, P Aagaard, D Ball, A Sargeant, J Bangsbo; Journal of Applied Physiology 2000, 89:1912-1918

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to for continuous measurement of knee joint angle and the angle between the lower limb and the connecting bar attached to the pedal arm of an ergometer.

E Varraine, M Bonnard, J Pailhous; Experimental Brain Research 2000, 130:248-257

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure bilateral hip, knee and ankle movements and posture.

J Yang, M Stephens, R Vishram; The Journal of Physiology 1998

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the hip movement in infants 3-10 months of age.

J Yang, M Stephens, R Vishram; The Journal of Physiology 1998, 507:927-937

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure hip movement in infants 10 days to 10 months of age.

F Danion, M Bonnard, J Pailhous; Experimental Brain Research 1997, 116:525-538

The kinematics of the leg joints, which ensured the displacement of the foot tip, were recorded using Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers placed on the hip, knee, and ankle.

I Akesson, GA Hansson, I Balough, U Moritz, S Skerfving; International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1997, 69:461-474

Twelve right-handed female dentists (six with and six without a history of definite neck/shoulder disorders, pair-wise matched for age) were studied when performing authentic dental work. Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used to measure the wrist movements.

K Rome, F Cowieson; Foot Ankle International 1996, Vol 17, No. 1, pp 28-32

This study investigated the reliability of three Goniometers, the universal, fluid, and Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers, in the measurement of ankle dorsiflexion. Intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed using 10 healthy volunteers and five observers. The results demonstrate that when using a highly standardized procedure, the flexible electrogoniometer was within an accepted criterion for reliability, suggesting good intra device reliability.

M Rawes, J Richardson, J Dias; Journal of Hand Surgery - British and European Volume 1996 21B(5): 600-603

A new electrogoniometer technique, using a Biometrics ltd electrogoniometer, is described for the measurement of wrist movements, including circumduction, with the results being displayed as figures. Clinical validation was performed and the system found to be highly accurate and reliable.

GA Hansson, I Balogh, K Ohlsson, L Rylander, S Skerfving; Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 1996, Vol 6, No. 1, pp 23-35

This study to gain objective and quantitative information concerning both static and dynamic aspects of workload on the wrist in field studies of fish processing industry workers with highly repetitive work and risk of CTD used a Biometrics Ltd biaxial flexible electrogoniometer and datalogger for recording of flexion and deviation angles of the wrist of the dominant hand. In order to evaluate forearm rotation a Biometrics Ltd Torsiometer, sensitive only to rotation and not influenced by flexion or deviation, was attached to the wrist.

Implications for Splint Design; N Weiss, L Gordon, T Bloom, Y So, D Rempel; Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1995 Vol 77-A, No. 11, pp 1695-1699

To determine the position of the wrist that results in the lowest carpal tunnel pressure, twenty control subjects and four patients who had carpal tunnel syndrome were evaluated with use of a new, dynamic method that continuously measures carpal tunnel pressure throughout the range of motion of the wrist. A Biometrics Ltd two-axis electrogoniometer was used to measure continuously the flexion or extension angle as well as the radial or ulnar deviation of the wrist.

M Hazelwood, J Brown, P Rowe, P Salter; Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1994, 36:661-673

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers and footswitches were used in this study to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of the anterior tibial muscles of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy on the gait pattern and the range of active and passive lower extremity movement. dorsiflexion of the ankle. Foot switches were placed under the sole and heel of the foot and simultaneously recorded the pattern of contact of the foot with the floor so that the temporal parameters of the gait cycle could be analyzed. The use of electrogoniometers for gait analysis proved successful, and could provide therapists and physicians with a relatively cheap and versatile means of quantitatively monitoring gait pattern and the effects of therapy.

K Rome, A Clark; British Journal of Podiatric Medicine 1994, 49(2): 19-23

Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometers were used in this study is to evaluate a short term stretching programme for ankle equinus, using a high load, brief stretch technique. The single case study has demonstrated the flexible electrogoniometer as a reliable instrument which is easy to use in the clinical setting.

K Ohlsson, GA Hansson, I Balough, U Stromberg, B Palsson, C Norander, L Rylander, S Skerfving; Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994, 51: 826-832

Wrist angles of the dominant hand were measured for 32 randomly selected women during a total of 40 representative 20 minute work periods. A Biometrics Ltd twin axis electrogoniometer and a Datalogger were used for recording the flexion and extension, and the deviation angles of the wrist. The angular distributions, the angular velocity distributions, and the power spectra, were calculated to characterize the wrist movements during work.

P Ball, G Johnson; Clinical Biomechanics 1993; 8: 13-19

This paper describes the use of an Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer for clinical assessment of subtalar motion and examines the important aspects of the clinical procedure.

J Goodwin, C Clark, J Deakes, D Burdon, C Lawrence; Disability and Rehabilitation 1992; Vol 14, No.1; pp 10-15

This investigation compared the reliability and interchangeable use of three currently available Goniometers - a universal Goniometer, a fluid Goniometer, and a Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer. Three consecutive readings of the active range of movement of the right elbow joint were taken from each of 23 healthy female volunteers; three experienced observers each used each type of Goniometer on two occasions. Significant intertester differences were found to exist for both the universal and fluid Goniometers. However, no significant differences were found between any of the testers with respect to the electrogoniometer. It therefore appears reasonable to suggest that, with respect to reducing intertester differences, the electrogoniometer is preferable.

H Ojima, S Miyake, M Kumashiro, H Togami, S Meng, K Suzuki; Clinical Biomechanics 1991; 6: no 4; 221-229

This paper shows the reliability and validity of Biometrics Ltd biaxial electrogoniometric analysis in the quantification of wrist circumduction. The reliability tests demonstrated sufficient accuracy of the device. Also, validity of the measurement was recognized because the tests simulating wrist circumduction and cineradiography revealed that it could accurately detect the angle between the long axis of the forearm and the third metacarpal bone.

S Sockalingham, J Barbenel, D Queen; CARE Science and Practice, vol 8, no 2: 75-79

An integrated study on the performance of bandages which related pressures generated by the bandages to mechanical laboratory tests has highlighted the influence of posture on the interface pressures generated by these devices. The continuous ambulatory pressure monitoring system consisted of three elements, the pressure sensing device, a Biometrics Ltd Goniometer to determine the position of the leg, and the Biometrics Ltd Datalogger for recording the output of the measuring devices. The Goniometer allowed the stand/sit/lie sequence to be identified relatively easily. The effect of posture was also seen in the long-term measurements.

A Nicol; Clinical Rehabilitation 1989, 3: 1-9

This paper is about the development of the Biometrics Ltd electrogoniometer and its clinical applications: The device is very lightweight and the electrogoniometers can be worn beneath clothing, so the subject can move without inhibition. ...Tests using angular motion of the hip and knee joints...assessment of gait ...gait of amputees and patients cerebral palsy...assessing the postoperative performance of arthritic patients receiving the Souter-Strathclyde elbow prosthesis. It can be seen that electrogoniometers can provide information otherwise not available in a clinical environment.

P Rowe, A Nicol, I Kelly; Clinical Biomechanics 1988, 4:68-72

Biometrics Ltd flexible electrogoniometers were used to record the motion of both hips and knees in total hip replacement patients. Four flexible electrogoniometers are used to measure the flexion-extension angles of both hips and both knees. The electrogoniometer system has proved capable of quantifying the functional status of hip replacement patients simply and economically within the clinical environment.